Flexible photodetectors (PDs) are attracting more attention due to their promising applications in wearable optoelectronic devices, bendable imaging sensors, and implantable optoelectronics. For the easy‐processable technology of massively fabricating PDs, instead of the expensive and complex high‐vacuum technique, the well‐matched work function of their active materials is essential. Herein, all‐sprayed‐processable and large‐area PDs are demonstrated on common paper based on two‐dimensional (2D) CsPbBr3 nanosheets and conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene). Ascribed to the superior conductivity of MXene, high crystallinity of 2D CsPbBr3, and their well‐matched work function, the as‐prepared PDs exhibit an outstanding on/off current ratio up to 2.3 × 103 and a remarkable photoresponse as fast as 18 ms. Specifically, the detectivity (D*) of 6.4 × 108 Jones and responsivity (R) of 44.9 mA W−1 under a bias of 10 V are achieved. Besides, after bending 1500 cycles, the as‐prepared PDs can still maintain the excellent flexibility and stability. Based on this, a superior‐quality and large‐area 1665 pixel sensor in 72 cm2 (≈24 units cm−2) is developed, and it can clearly transmit the image of “0” to realize the photocommunication function. This work provides a low‐cost method of massively producing the flexible large‐area PDs for wearable optoelectronic devices and expanded photocommunication.

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Summary Granular debris flows are composed of coarse solid particles, which may be from disaggregated landslides or well‐weathered rocks on a hill surface. The estimation of agitation and the flow process of granular debris flows are of great importance in the prevention of disasters. In this work, we conduct physical experiments of sandpile collapse, impacting 3 packed wooden blocks. The flow profile, run‐out distance, and rotation of blocks are measured. To simulate the process, we adopt a material point method (MPM) to model granular flows and a deformable discrete element method (DEM) to model blocks. Each block is treated as comprising 9 material points to couple the MPM and DEM, and the acceleration of grid nodes arising from the contacts between granular material and blocks is projected to the discrete element nodes working as body forces. The contacts between blocks are detected using the shrunken point method. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. Thus, the coupling method of MPM and DEM developed in this work would be helpful in the damage analysis of buildings under impact from the debris flows.

Traditional bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies induce direct bone-like matrix formation by mimicking the embryological process of intramembranous ossification. However, the clinical translation of these clinical strategies for bone repair is hampered by limited vascularization and poor bone regeneration after implantation in vivo. An alternative strategy for overcoming these drawbacks is engineering cartilaginous constructs by recapitulating the embryonic processes of endochondral ossification (ECO); these constructs have shown a unique ability to survive under hypoxic conditions as well as induce neovascularization and ossification. Such developmentally engineered constructs can act as transient biomimetic templates to facilitate bone regeneration in critical-sized defects. This review introduces the concept and mechanism of developmental BTE, explores the routes of endochondral bone graft engineering, highlights the current state of the art in large bone defect reconstruction via ECO-based strategies, and offers perspectives on the challenges and future directions of translating current knowledge from the bench to the bedside.

In recent years, all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites have received extensive attention due to their many advantages, but their poor stability and high toxicity are two major problems. In this paper, a low toxicity and stable Cs2SnCl6 double perovskite crystals were prepared by aqueous phase precipitation method using SnCl2 as precursor. By the XRD, ICP-AES, XPS, photoluminescence and absorption spectra, the fluorescence decay curve, the structure and photoluminescence characteristics of Ce3+-doped and undoped samples have been investigated in detail. The results show that the photoluminescence originates from defects. [ S n S n 4 + 2 + +VCl] defect complex in the crystal is formed by Sn2+ substituting Sn4+. The number of defects formed by Sn2+ in the crystal decreases with Ce3+ content increases. Within a certain number of defects, the crystal luminescence is enhanced with the number of [ S n S n 4 + 2 + +VCl] decreased. When Ce3+ is incorporated into the crystals, the defects of [ C e 3 + S n 4 + +VCl] and [ S n S n 4 + 2 + +VCl] were formed and the crystal show the strongest emission. This provides a route to enhance the photoluminescence of Cs2SnCl6 double perovskite crystals.

Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional (3D) structural integrity and cellular-function regulation. Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment, ECM substitutes mediate cell—matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo. However, these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures. Cultured cells also produce rich ECM, particularly stromal cells. Cellular ECM improves 3D culture development in vitro and tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well. Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select, produce, and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling for in vivo regeneration. Overall, the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed. Moreover, current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.

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