Murine and related chapparvoviruses are nephro-tropic and produce novel accessory proteins in infected kidneys

Abstract

Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) is a member of the provisional genus Chapparvovirus that causes renal disease in immune-compromised mice, with a disease course reminiscent of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in immune-suppressed kidney transplant patients. Here we map four major MKPV transcripts, created by alternative splicing, to a common initiator region, and use mass spectrometry to identify "p10" and "p15" as novel chapparvovirus accessory proteins produced in MKPV-infected kidneys. p15 and the splicing-dependent putative accessory protein NS2 are conserved in all near-complete amniote chapparvovirus genomes currently available (from mammals, birds and a reptile). In contrast, p10 may be encoded only by viruses with >60% amino acid identity to MKPV. We show that MKPV is kidney-tropic and that the bat chapparvovirus DrPV-1 and a non-human primate chapparvovirus, CKPV, are also found in the kidneys of their hosts. We propose, therefore, that many mammal chapparvoviruses are likely to be nephrotropic.

Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome

“…Additionally, the potential accessory ORF1 (positions 74–358, 95 aa) and ORF3 (p15-like) (positions 136–543, 136 aa), previously identified in most other amniote-associated chaphamaparvoviruses, were both detected in BDchPV. The conserved PLA2 and G-rich motifs widely present in other members of Parvoviridae were absent from the VP protein, as is the case for other chaphamaparvoviruses [ 37 , 38 ].…”

“…To date, most of the exogenous reptilian parvoviruses identified belong to the genus Dependoparvovirus , and it has been thought that these viruses require helper viruses (usually adenoviruses) for replication [ 13 ], although more recent work is challenging this notion [ 58 ]. Chaphamaparvoviruses (ChPVs) are a newly identified genus of parvoviruses [ 59 ] identified in rodents, birds, pigs, bats, Tasmanian devils, dogs, cats, primates, and even invertebrates [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 60 ]. Although a ChPV was previously identified in crocodile faeces [ 36 ], it is possible that this originated in the tilapia fish fed to these crocodiles.…”

Meta-transcriptomic discovery of a divergent circovirus and a chaphamaparvovirus in captive reptiles with proliferative respiratory syndrome

“…Chaphamaparvoviruses (ChPVs) are a newly identified genus of parvoviruses [47]. Many ChPVs were previously unassigned members of the now-defunct Chapparvovirus genus; a genus that had been identified in rodents, birds, pigs, bats, Tasmanian devils, dogs, cats, primates and even invertebrates [33][34][35][36][37]48]. Although a ChPV was previously identified in crocodile feces [36], it is possible that this virus originated in the tilapia fish fed to these crocodiles.…”

Identification of a new strain of mouse kidney parvovirus associated with inclusion body nephropathy in immunocompromised laboratory mice

“…Given that MKPV infection causes IBN in adult and aged immunocompromised mouse strains and appears to be prevalent in mice housed at animal facilities in academic institutions and wild rodents [10], universal PCR and qPCR assays are needed for detecting MKPV strains. Due to the presence of sequence divergence in previously described PCR primers that may affect the accuracy of MKPV detection, new primers MKPV-rF and -rR for regular PCR and a set of primers and probe for qPCR conserved among known MKPV strains were generated from the rep (NS1) sequence (Figure 3(A)).…”

“…NS-2 is formed via alternative slicing which joins the N-terminal ORF (NS-2n in green) and the partial aa sequence of NP-L/I (in green) [5]. This gene organization is conserved among known MKPV/MuCPV strains [10]. There is a dinucleotide deletion at nucleotide 495 in the MIT-WI1 as well as MKPV MSKCC and MuCPV NYC compared with MKPV CI [10].…”