Identification of a new strain of mouse kidney parvovirus associated with inclusion body nephropathy in immunocompromised laboratory mice

Abstract

Inclusion body nephropathy (IBN) and kidney fibrosis in aged immunodeficient mice and, to lesser extent, in immunocompetent mice have been recently linked to infection of mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV), also known as murine chapparvovirus (MuCPV). Knowledge about its prevalence and the complete genome sequence of more MKPV strains is essential for understanding phylogenetic relationships and pathogenicity among MKPV strains. In the present study using PCR and genome walking, we determined the complete 4440-nucleotide genome of a new MKPV strain, namely MIT-WI1, which was identified in IBN-affected Il2rg −/-Rag2 −/c-Kit W-sh/W-sh mice housed in the vivarium at Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (WI). The overall nucleotide (>94%) and deduced amino acid sequences (>98%) of p10, p15, NS1 (replicase), NS2 and VP1 (capsid protein) within the MIT-WI1 genome, are closely related to MKPV/MuCPV strains described in laboratory and wild Mus musculus mice. In addition, PCR and qPCR assays using newly designed primers conserved among the known MKPV/MuCPV genomes were developed and utilized to assess MKPV status in selected laboratory mice. MKPV was also detected in immunodeficient (NSG) and immunocompetent (Crl:CD1(ICR), UTX flox) mouse strains/stocks. The abundance of the MKPV genome copies was significantly correlated with the severity of IBN. Our data indicate that MKPV is present in selected mouse strains/stocks, and provides new insights into the genome evolution of MKPV.

Molecular detection and characterization of Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus 1 in dogs

“…Although most ChPV strains identified to date in the various animal species have been discovered serendipitously in metagenomic studies of enteric virome, evidence for the pathogenic potential of these viruses have been reported. Horizontal transmission of the mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) ( Rodent chaphamaparvoviruses 1 species) has been proved to induce inclusion body nephropathy (IBN) and kidney fibrosis in aged immunodeficient mice and, to lesser extent, in immunocompetent mice ( Roediger et al, 2018 ; Ge et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2020 ). More recently, a newly identified ChPV was identified by qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the heart, intestine, liver, and lung of a dead peafowl suffering of enteritis and pneumonia ( Liu et al, 2020 ).…”

Feline chaphamaparvovirus in cats with enteritis and upper respiratory tract disease

“…In the last few years, animal ChPVs have been associated with a variety of clinical signs. The mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) ( Rodent chaphamaparvoviruses 1 species) was recognized as cause of inclusion body nephropathy (IBN) and kidney fibrosis in mice (Ge et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2020; Roediger et al., 2018). Association between ChPV infection and clinical signs was found in a dead peafowl suffering of enteritis and pneumonia (Liu et al., 2020).…”

Chaphamaparvovirus Antigen and Nucleic Acids are not Detected in Kidney Tissues from Cats with Chronic Renal Disease or Immunosuppressive Diseases

“…Although probably less sensitive than qPCR, which has a detection limit of <10 MKPV genomes, RNA-ISH has higher sensitivity than low cycle number screening PCR, because some mouse FFPE kidney samples negative for MKPV by 25-cycle screening PCR were positive by viral RNA-ISH. 6,14,4 A disadvantage of RNA-ISH is that variations in viral RNA would likely result in negative hybridization due to the probe’s high specificity. As such, RNA-ISH would only detect MKPV and would be unlikely to detect a related virus.…”