Munumbicins, wide-spectrum antibiotics produced by Streptomyces NRRL 30562, endophytic on Kennedia nigriscans a aThe GenBank accession number for the sequence determined in this work is AY127079.

Abstract

Munumbicins A, B, C and D are newly described antibiotics with a wide spectrum of activity against many human as well as plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and a Plasmodium sp. These compounds were obtained from Streptomyces NRRL 3052, which is endophytic in the medicinal plant snakevine (Kennedia nigriscans), native to the Northern Territory of Australia. This endophyte was cultured, the broth was extracted with an organic solvent and the contents of the residue were purified by bioassay-guided HPLC. The major components were four functionalized peptides with masses of 1269 6, 1298 5, 1312 5 and 1326 5 Da. Numerous other related compounds possessing bioactivity, with differing masses, were also present in the culture broth extract in lower quantities. With few exceptions, the peptide portion of each component contained only the common amino acids threonine, aspartic acid (or asparagine), glutamic acid (or glutamine), valine and proline, in varying ratios. The munumbicins possessed widely differing biological activities depending upon the target organism. For instance, munumbicin B had an MIC of 2 5 µg ml N1 against a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, whereas munumbicin A was not active against this organism. In general, the munumbicins demonstrated activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the most impressive biological activity of any of the munumbicins was that of munumbicin D against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, having an IC 50 of 4 5O0 07 ng ml N1 . This report also describes the potential of the munumbicins in medicine and agriculture.

Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Compound from a Mangrove-Endophytic Fungus, Penicillium chrysogenum MTCC 5108

“…More than 200 species of endophytic fungi have been isolated and identified from mangrove plants and several reports on the isolation of antibiotic compounds from endophytic fungi have been reported. To mention a few griseofulvin, [7], chaetomugilin A and D [8], cytosporone B and C [9], 3-O-methylalaternin and altersolanol A [10], phomoenamide [11], phomodione [12], ambuic acid [13], isopestacin [14], munumbicin A, B, C, and D [15], pestalachlorides A and B, [16], brefeldin A [17], coronamycin, [18], pumilacidin [19], cytochalasin D [20], polyketide citrinin [21,22], fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin C, physcion [23], and several others.…”

Production of actinomycin-D by the mutant of a new isolate of Streptomyces sindenensis

“…Morphological and cultural characteristics were studied using the ISP media recommended by Shirling and Gottlieb, 1966 (11). For Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) samples were prepared according to the methods described by Castillo et al (2). The strain was characterized as S. sindenensis by 16S rRNA homology (data not shown) and has been deposited at MTCC (www.http:// mtcc.imtech.res.in), Chandigarh, India (MTCC 8122).…”

“…Incorporation of DL-threonine in the production medium also favoured act-D production by the mutant as well as parent strain (55 and 57% respectively). Finally a production medium containing: soy bean meal 10 g, fructose 15 g, DL-threonine 1 g, MgSO 4 .7H 2 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP), which is composed of an essential catalytic core enzyme (α2 β β ω) and one of the sigma (σ) factors, is the central enzyme for the expression of genomic information in all organisms. Rifampicin (Rif) inhibits transcription initiation by blocking the subunit of bacterial RNA Polymerase (7).…”

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“…Endophytes from medicinal plants have recently given significance due to their immense potential to contribute to the discovery of novel anti-TB compounds. Endophytic bacteria have been reported to possess wide spectrum activity against many pathogenic fungi and bacteria [22,23].…”