Munition constituents: Preliminary sediment screening criteria for the protection of marine benthic invertebrates

Pascoe, Gary A.; Kroeger, Keith; Leisle, Dwight; Feldpausch, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.077

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Those extremely high concentrations ("hot spots") are indicative of large amounts of non-dissolved and non-sorbed explosives in some contaminated sites. Low concentrations (< 0.003 mg kg -1 ) of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), tetryl, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) acid were detected in marine sediments near a naval facility in Ostrich Bay, Puget Sound, WA (Pascoe et al 2010). Field experiments using cleaved shells containing TNT demonstrated that leakage from breached munitions can serve as a source of sediment contamination (Dave 2003).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the extent of biological receptors' exposure to MC in marine environments is largely unknown, the presence of munitions in aquatic environments is well-documented (Darrach et al 1998;Dave 2003;Cusson et al 2003;van Ham et al 2007) and low concentrations of some explosive MC were measured in marine sediments (Darrach et al 1998, Pascoe et al 2010. It is anticipated that commonly used explosive fillers such as TNT, RDX and ammonium picrate may leak from underwater corroded, or breached, munitions as well as from fragments of explosives formulations that remain following low-order (incomplete) detonations (Wang et al 2011).…”

Section: Munitions In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Munitions in the environment may release explosive residuals due to corrosion and breaching in terrestrial and aquatic sites or due to blow-inplace (BIP) detonation (Pennington et al 2008;Lewis et al 2009;Pascoe et al 2010). Munitions also pose risks associated with the physical impacts of accidental detonation (MacDonald et al 2009).…”

Section: Munitions In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those SQBs were developed using freshwater and limited marine water-only toxicity values and equilibrium partitioning theory to relate water concentrations of the compounds to sediment concentrations. Pascoe et al (2010) Sediment toxicity values, expressed as NOECs, for nine MC based on sediment spiking experiments compiled in Lotufo et al (2009a), and the dry weight SQB values derived Pascoe et al (2010) are compared in Table 5.6. The spiked sediment NOECs for all MC except 2,6-DNT are substantially higher than the SQB values.…”

Section: Preliminary Sediment Quality Benchmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary sediment quality benchmarks (SQBs) for MC were developed for screening potential risks to marine benthic invertebrates at an MC-contaminated sediment site in Puget Sound, WA by Pascoe et al (2010). Those SQBs were developed using freshwater and limited marine water-only toxicity values and equilibrium partitioning theory to relate water concentrations of the compounds to sediment concentrations.…”

Section: Preliminary Sediment Quality Benchmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Summary Review of the Aquatic Toxicology of Munitions Constituents

Lotufo¹,

Rosen²,

Wild³

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Military munitions are present in waters around the world, including those waters located at current and former Department of Defense sites. This report provides a review of the aquatic ecotoxicology of munitions constituents (MC), including nitroaromatics (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), dinitrotoluenes (DNTs), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid)); nitrate esters (nitrocellulose (NC), pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN), nitroglycerine (NG)); and nitramines (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX)). The major focus of this report is on the fate and effects of MC in the marine environment. Most MC observed in this study rapidly degraded in aqueous exposure systems and nitroaromatics showed a significant binding affinity with organic matter. To support the assessment of risk from MC in aquatic environments, laboratory-based toxicity data have been derived for a variety of aquatic species for both lethal and sublethal exposure endpoints using spiked water or sediment. Frequently, unrealistically high concentrations were used to derive toxicity benchmarks. In general, nitramines were less toxic than nitroaromatics, with a wide range of sensitivity among species. MC are weakly hydrophobic and bioaccumulative potential was low, as expected. High elimination rates for MC resulted in a virtually complete loss of body residue within hours to days following transfer to clean water. Uptake of TNT resulted in the substantial formation of bound residues. For fish, aqueous exposure was the dominant route of exposure to explosive compounds, with dietary uptake providing only minimal contribution. More realistic exposures using Composition B and multiple species found the presence of munitions in aquatic environments unlikely to result in biological effects. Verification of this conclusion should be pursued by determining site-specific exposure risk.

show abstract

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Munitions In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Munitions In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preliminary Sediment Quality Benchmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preliminary Sediment Quality Benchmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Summary Review of the Aquatic Toxicology of Munitions Constituents

Lotufo¹,

Rosen²,

Wild³

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nitropenta (PETN, Pentrit)

Litz¹

2016

Bodengefährdende Stoffe: Bewertung ‐ Stoffdaten ‐ Ökotoxikologie ‐ Sanierung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitropenta (PETN) gelangt als Sprengstoff in die Umwelt. Neben den chemisch‐physikalischen, werden auch die sprengtechnischen Eigenschaften und der Verwendungszweck ebenso beschrieben, wie dessen Analytik und Umweltverhalten (Eintrag, Exposition, Gehalte im Boden und Wasser) sowie dessen Sorption, Abbau und Verlagerung. Weiterhin werden stoffspezifische Wirkungen auf Flora, Fauna, Mikroorganismen und den Menschen aufgeführt (Toxizität, Kanzerogenität, Teratogenität, Mutagenität) sowie Informationen zu Regelungen und Grenzwerte und zu Sanierungsmaßnahmen gegeben.

show abstract

Application of POCIS for exposure assessment of munitions constituents during constant and fluctuating exposure

Belden

Lotufo

Biedenbach

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study examined the potential use of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for exposure assessment of munitions constituents, including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and their breakdown products (aminodinitrotoluenes [ADNTs], diaminonitrotoluenes [DANTs], and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine [TNX]). Loss of munitions constituents from the sorbent phase after uptake was observed for the "pesticide" POCIS configuration but not for the "pharmaceutical" configuration. Therefore, the latter was selected for further investigation. Under constant exposure conditions, TNT, ADNTs, DANT, RDX, and atrazine (a common environmental contaminant) accumulated at a linear rate for at least 14 d, with sampling rates between 34 mL/d and 215 mL/d. When POCIS were exposed to fluctuating concentrations, analyte accumulation values were similar to values found during constant exposure, indicating that the sampler was indeed integrative. In contrast, caffeine (a common polar contaminant) and TNX did not accumulate at a linear rate and had a reduction in accumulation of greater than 50% on the POCIS during fluctuating exposures, demonstrating that POCIS did not sample those chemicals in an integrative manner. Moreover, in a flow-through microcosm containing the explosive formulation Composition B, TNT and RDX were readily measured using POCIS, despite relatively high turnover rates and thus reduced water concentrations. Mean water concentrations estimated from POCIS were ± 37% of mean water concentrations measured by traditional grab sample collection. Thus, POCIS were found to have high utility for quantifying exposure to most munitions constituents evaluated (TNT, ADNTs, and RDX) and atrazine.

show abstract

Munition constituents: Preliminary sediment screening criteria for the protection of marine benthic invertebrates

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Summary Review of the Aquatic Toxicology of Munitions Constituents

Summary Review of the Aquatic Toxicology of Munitions Constituents

Nitropenta (PETN, Pentrit)

Application of POCIS for exposure assessment of munitions constituents during constant and fluctuating exposure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About