Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Analysis—Pyrolysis Kinetics and Decomposition Reactions

Syguła, Ewa; Świechowski, Kacper; Hejna, Małgorzata; Kunaszyk, Ines; Białowiec, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/en14154510

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These types of equipment allow performing thermal conversion of materials to produce enough carbonized material used for other analyses such as proximate analysis, elemental analysis, etc. Such small reactors are in favor of testing new and non-standard materials as they provide a lot of information about process efficiency and product quality [24]. On the other hand, these reactors have limited potential for thermal process reaction analysis.…”

Section: Methods Of Thermal Processes Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

2021

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The quantity of biodegradable plastics is increasing steadily and taking a larger share in the residual waste stream. As the calorific value of biodegradable plastic is almost two-fold lower than that of conventional ones, its increasing quantity decreases the overall calorific value of municipal solid waste and refuse-derived fuel which is used as feedstock for cement and incineration plants. For that reason, in this work, the torrefaction of biodegradable waste, polylactic acid (PLA), and paper was performed for carbonized solid fuel (CSF) production. In this work, we determined the process yields, fuel properties, process kinetics, theoretical energy, and mass balance. We show that the calorific value of PLA cannot be improved by torrefaction, and that the process cannot be self-sufficient, while the calorific value of paper can be improved up to 10% by the same process. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PLA decomposes in one stage at ~290–400 °C with a maximum peak at 367 °C, following a 0.42 reaction order with the activation energy of 160.05 kJ·(mol·K)−1.

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Section: Methods Of Thermal Processes Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CR's kinetic triplet is activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), and order of reaction (n). The methodology of CR determination was presented elsewhere [24].…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

2021

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“…Additionally, volatile solids (VS) and combustible parts (CP) were determined. The proximate analysis with additional parameters was determined according to methods presented in previous work [36]. The high heating value (HHV) was determined using a calorimeter (IKA, C200, Staufen, Germany).…”

Section: Proximate Analysis and High Heating Value Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, kinetic triplets were determined for the whole process as well as decomposition peaks. The full methodology of kinetic triplet determination is described elsewhere [36].…”

Section: Thermal Decomposition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Peat Waste Upcycling to Carbonized Solid Fuel in the Torrefaction Process

2021

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Peat is the main type of peloid used in Polish cosmetic/healing spa facilities. Depending on treatment and origin, peat waste can be contaminated microbiologically, and as a result, it must be incinerated in medical waste incineration plants without energy recovery (local law). Such a situation leads to peat waste management costs increase. Therefore, in this work, we checked the possibility of peat waste upcycling to carbonized solid fuel (CSF) using torrefaction. Torrefaction is a thermal treatment process that removes microbiological contamination and improves the fuel properties of peat waste. In this work, the torrefaction conditions (temperature and time) on CSF quality were tested. Parallelly, peat decomposition kinetics using TGA and torrefaction kinetics with lifetime prediction using macro-TGA were determined. Furthermore, torrefaction theoretical mass and energy balance were determined. The results were compared with reference material (wood), and as a result, obtained data can be used to adjust currently used wood torrefaction technologies for peat torrefaction. The results show that torrefaction improves the high heating value of peat waste from 19.0 to 21.3 MJ × kg−1, peat main decomposition takes place at 200–550 °C following second reaction order (n = 2), with an activation energy of 33.34 kJ × mol−1, and pre-exponential factor of 4.40 × 10−1 s−1. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that peat torrefaction required slightly more energy than wood torrefaction, and macro-TGA showed that peat torrefaction has lower torrefaction constant reaction rates (k) than wood 1.05 × 10−5–3.15 × 10−5 vs. 1.43 × 10−5–7.25 × 10−5 s−1.

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“…Subcoal ™ is made from paper and plastics which are leftover from source segregated recycling waste that is deemed 'non-recyclable' after passing through municipal refuse processing facilities. The product has been considered as a high grade of solid recovered fuel (SRF), which can be converted into syngas and liquid fuels through the gasification process [13]. Alternatively, the high carbon and hydrogen content in Subcoal™ means that it is potentially suitable for consideration as an alternative reductant for ironmaking in a blast furnace, where it could either be injected directly, after milling, through tuyeres, or pre-gasified and fed directly into the furnace that way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition Kinetic Study of Non-Recyclable Paper and Plastic Waste by Thermogravimetric Analysis

2021

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The global net emissions of the Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), fluorinated gases, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), remain substantially high, despite concerted efforts to reduce them. Thermal treatment of solid waste contributes at least 2.8–4% of the GHG in part due to increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and inefficient treatment processes, such as incineration and landfill. Thermal treatment processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis, are valuable ways to convert solid materials, such as wastes into syngas, liquids, and chars, for power generation, fuels, or for the bioremediation of soils. Subcoal™ is a commercial product based on paper and plastics from the source segregated waste that is not readily recyclable and that would otherwise potentially find its way in to landfills. This paper looks at the kinetic parameters associated with this product in pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion conditions for consideration as a fuel for power generation or as a reductant in the blast furnace ironmaking process. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) in Nitrogen (N2), CO2, and in air, was used to measure and compare the reaction kinetics. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor A were measured at different heating rates using non-isothermal Ozawa Flynn Wall and (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sonuse (KAS) model-free techniques. The TGA curves showed that the thermal degradation of Subcoal™ comprises three main processes: dehydration, devolatilization, and char and ash formation. In addition, the heating rate drifts the devolatilization temperature to a higher value. Likewise, the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) results stated that Tm degradation increased as the heating rate increased. Substantial variance in Ea was noted between the four stages of thermal decomposition of Subcoal™ on both methods. The Ea for gasification reached 200.2 ± 33.6 kJ/mol by OFW and 179.0 ± 31.9 kJ/mol by KAS. Pyrolysis registered Ea values of 161.7 ± 24.7 kJ/mol by OFW and 142.6 ± 23.5 kJ/mol by KAS. Combustion returned the lowest Ea values for both OFW (76.74 ± 15.4 kJ/mol) and KAS (71.0 ± 4.4 kJ/mol). The low Ea values in combustion indicate shorter reaction time for Subcoal™ degradation compared to gasification and pyrolysis. Generally, TGA kinetics analysis using KAS and OFW methods show good consistency in evaluating Arrhenius constants.

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Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Analysis—Pyrolysis Kinetics and Decomposition Reactions

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

Medical Peat Waste Upcycling to Carbonized Solid Fuel in the Torrefaction Process

Thermal Decomposition Kinetic Study of Non-Recyclable Paper and Plastic Waste by Thermogravimetric Analysis

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