Abstract:Climate change adaptation being one of today's main challenges on global agenda do affect people worldwide, but even though most decisions regarding climate change governance are made at the international or national level, the implementation of these decisions in most cases takes place at the local level. Municipal climate change adaptation research project in Latvia was carried out with special emphases on main stakeholder understanding, preparedness and communication factors using several complementary rese… Show more
“…With the adoption of the EU MSP Directive in 2014, the ICM planning process was integrated into the development of the national MSP plan, being under approval now. In the 21st century, ICM-relevant research in Latvia mainly focuses on mitigation of coastal erosion effects resulting from the global climate change [23][24][25], and on sustainable coastal governance systems in coastal municipalities [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”
Relying on the results of multivariate analysis of the re-analysis case studies from the BaltCoast project, specific features of integrated coastal management (ICM) approaches in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation are highlighted in this paper. Eleven Eastern Baltic ICM case studies have been re-analyzed in-depth, which was the main focus of the present paper, covering a wide range of coastal landscapes, themes, policy issues, and ICM approaches. Five principal components explaining 84.86% of the total variance of ICM factor scores have been elicited by calculating rotation sums of squared loadings: (1) Stakeholder Involvement; (2) Research Base; (3) Planning Consistency; (4) Policy Environment, and (5) Development of Plans/Strategies. A truly dedicated involvement of a wide range of stakeholders throughout all process stages showed to be critical for further successful advance of ICM processes and principles based on the systems approach in the Baltic States and the Russian Federation.
“…With the adoption of the EU MSP Directive in 2014, the ICM planning process was integrated into the development of the national MSP plan, being under approval now. In the 21st century, ICM-relevant research in Latvia mainly focuses on mitigation of coastal erosion effects resulting from the global climate change [23][24][25], and on sustainable coastal governance systems in coastal municipalities [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”
Relying on the results of multivariate analysis of the re-analysis case studies from the BaltCoast project, specific features of integrated coastal management (ICM) approaches in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation are highlighted in this paper. Eleven Eastern Baltic ICM case studies have been re-analyzed in-depth, which was the main focus of the present paper, covering a wide range of coastal landscapes, themes, policy issues, and ICM approaches. Five principal components explaining 84.86% of the total variance of ICM factor scores have been elicited by calculating rotation sums of squared loadings: (1) Stakeholder Involvement; (2) Research Base; (3) Planning Consistency; (4) Policy Environment, and (5) Development of Plans/Strategies. A truly dedicated involvement of a wide range of stakeholders throughout all process stages showed to be critical for further successful advance of ICM processes and principles based on the systems approach in the Baltic States and the Russian Federation.
Importance of sustainable coastal governance also in the baltic sea region has been widely recognised and since such governance has to have integrative nature that requires horizontal cross-sectorial integration as well as involvement of all governance levels and subsequently organisation of vertical integration among the levels. besides some succesfull local cases around Europe, mainly special outside projects based, there is to be recognized that the municipal integrated sustainable coastal governance has not been yet neither well and widely locally developed in practice nor sufficiently researched field in order to permit necessary design of adequate policy innovations. Practical development and local realisation of the municipal integrated coastal governance often encounters obstacles of the basic nature, e.g. because there are not sufficiently understood and applied cross-and trans-disciplinary approaches -studies and governance of the coastal territories as the complex social-ecological systems (sEs). For understanding the process and structure of coastal governance, application of system thinking and system dynamics methods are to be emphasized as well. the paper demonstrates adaptation of coastal nature studies based system Analysis Framework (sAF) methodology for its application to coastal governance studies and general municipal governance system adjusting and upgrading towards coastal issues, what could be seen as the new step for sAF further planned developments. As the part of the EU bONUs programme baltcoast project, the authors performed, including main stakeholders participation elements, the issue identification step, system definition and also a conceptual model building steps of the sAF methodology application in the particular, local governance innovations rich, case study territory -salacgriva municipality in Latvia. coastal governance problems in Latvia are especially relevant for rural coastal municipalities with limited administrative capacities and long and low populated coastline territories. the next sAF application steps will include development of coastal governance system scenarios using a systems modelling tool and the design and testing of complementary set of governance instruments as science-policy interface, that shall support sustainable use of coastal resources in the interests of coastal nature and culture protection, and local socio-economic development.
Abstract. There are recognized in Latvia the lack of locally based coastal socio-ecological research knowledge and its interpretation into municipal safety and development planning from one side as well as also only land-side oriented and separate sectorial development interests based coastal municipalities' governance/planning practice from other side. Coastal governance practice development problems solution at the local level are to be seen at both ends of governance cycle -coastal situation evaluation (e.g. science) and policy design and implementation. Overall objective is to create, apply/test and use applicable interface system for integrated coastal science transfer into integrated coastal management (ICM), and so altogether developing whole and flexible integrated coastal governance (ICG) cycle, esp. at the local municipal level, but also coping with vertical integration with other national and international governance levels, as well as horizontal integration with other municipal development sectors. ICG complex interface system has been started to develop step-wise during realization of various research and development projects and particularly by designing and testing both complementary thematical and territorial approaches based municipal indicator systems (IS). Approaches were applied as different cross-sectorial municipal IS (coastal, climate change governance, coastal risk etc.) and, interrelatedly, eventual whole municipal development IS. There was designed and implemented Sustainable development governance IS proposal for Saulkrasti municipality, being used now for supervision of mandatory municipal long term planning document -Sustainable Development Strategy. Further proposals for coastal indicators observatory system for sealand border area administrative territories has to be developed, respecting all types of coastal components as for highly specific socio-ecological systems in the Baltic Sea region area.
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