Mumps vaccine effectiveness in primary schools and households, the Netherlands, 2008

Snijders, Bianca E.P.; Lier, Alies van; Kassteele, Jan van de; Fanoy, Ewout; Ruijs, Wilhelmina L.M.; Hulshof, Folkwin; Blauwhof, Annet; Schipper, Maarten; Binnendijk, Rob van; Boot, Hein J.; Melker, Hester E. de; Hahné, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.035

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…16 The vaccine coverage in our population was very high, with 92% of the patients having a complete vaccine scheme, with one or two doses of MMR vaccine, according to the age. Similar coverage rates are observed at regional and national level, with an estimated coverage of 98% in 2013.…”

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confidence: 76%

“…Similar studies also reported that mumps outbreaks among highly vaccinated populations tended to occur in highdensity settings such as universities and schools, with teenagers as the most vulnerable group. 8,10,[14][15][16]18,19 These findings indicate that among highly vaccinated populations, despite herd immunity, intense exposures to one or more mumps cases may increase the risk of transmission, even in the most recently vaccinated children. It is possible that such risk factors may overcome vaccine-induced immunity resulting in persistence of transmission of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[12][13][14][15][16] Between October 2012 and March 2013, 148 cases of mumps were notified in the Central Region of Portugal to the Regional Health Administration. In contrast, there was no evidence of outbreaks elsewhere in the country between 2009 and 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 From 2012 no official data was published. As done by others, [12][13][14][15][16] we used a case definition adapted from the European Community Case Definitions for Communicable Diseases, 9 contemplating the existence of possible cases of mumps without fever. The disease may present without fever or asymptomatic, especially in patients with some degree of immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,30 Some authors have proposed the administration of a third dose of vaccine to compensate the decreased immunity over time that makes more susceptible to disease teenagers and young adults, groups in which complications are more frequent in particular orchitis. 16,30,31 Recruits vaccinated without record of previous vaccinations, escaped outbreaks in the United States in 2006. 12,16,31 Moreover, those inoculated with doses of vaccine containing the Rubini strain are less protected, forming a susceptible group which could promote virus circulation and thus outbreaks and would be prime candidates for a booster dose.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mumps Outbreak among Highly Vaccinated Teenagers and Children in the Central Region of Portugal, 2012-2013

et al. 2015

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Results: Over six months, 148 outbreak-related cases were reported: 87.8% occurred in three of the 16 affected counties and 78.4% had a known epidemiological link. Median age was 14.5 years (2-62) and 70.3% were 11-20 years old; 61.5% were male. The mean duration of disease was seven days (2-20). The disease was generally mild; 80.4% had fever and in 55.4% there was unilateral involvement of the parotid gland. Seven cases had orchitis, one oophoritis and one had nephritis. Two cases were hospitalized. School transmission predominated and class attack rates were < 30%. Most of the cases occurred in vaccinated individuals (92%) of whom 86.8% had received 2 doses; 17.7% had received one dose of the vaccine containing the Rubini strain. Mumps virus genotype G was identified in 4 cases. Discussion: This mumps outbreak among a highly vaccinated population, occurring mostly in teenagers at school, could be due to the partial effectiveness of the vaccine against the disease (particularly in the group vaccinated with Rubini strain), waning immunity overtime and genotype mismatch.Conclusions: This outbreak report shows the importance of discussion about the need of more booster dose of the actual vaccine or new vaccine including more genotypes to improve immunogenicity.

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confidence: 76%