“…It is often said that Mumbai is several cities within a city (Pinto and Fernandes, 2003;Prakash, 2010). Certainly if we work with a definition of Mumbai as the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which includes large towns administered in part through their own municipalities, such as Navi Mumbai, Thane and Kalyan, the case for this claim appears self- then, on account of a range of significant differences in legality, income, religion, location, and sanitation conditions.…”