Informal Urban Sanitation: Everyday Life, Poverty, and Comparison

Abstract

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Fragment urbanism: Politics at the margins of the city

“…Given that the experiences and needs of different people are geographically variable not just between but within cities (Parnell and 34 Pieterse, 2014;McFarlane et al, 2014McFarlane et al, , 2017, there is no singular frame here for progressive politics.…”

“…In the poorest neighbourhoods of M-East, people are forced to find whatever available spaces they can, often at great risk, especially for women and girls who routinely suffer harassment and abuse, including near railway tracks and under bridges to garage grounds and riverbanks (McFarlane et al, 2014). Where toilets are available, queues can be long and the structures are often poorly maintained and unclean community toilets.…”

“…It allows us to reveal how urban spaces are produced as fragments as a result of the geographies of exploitation and oppression in which they are historically produced (Perlman, 2010). It allows us to see how in Mumbai, for example, the fragmentation in land, housing, infrastructure, and resource forces the majority of the city's residents into informal settlements that occupy just 8% of the land in the richest city in India, or how in Hong Kong's Sham Shui Po district, around 3000 households, often migrant workers, are consigned to makeshift housing on rooftops, crammed into homes as small as 4m 2 that are under-serviced and vulnerable to rain, heat, cold and typhoons (McFarlane et al, 2014;SOCO, 2016).…”

“…Almost 25% of the 2.6 billion people lacking adequate sanitation live in urban environments, mostly in informal settlements, and that proportion is growing (McFarlane et al, 2014;Pacheco-Vega, 2015). Sanitation is arguably the single most vital provision in a city, and the most important techno-environmental advance in the history of urbanisation.…”

Everyday practices of sanitation under uneven urban development in contemporary Shanghai

“…see reference 10, Mcfarlane et al (2014); also jewitt, sarah (2011) The other case study area was established on unwanted land, the site of a former mass grave, in the early 1940s, when some 4,000 poor families from all over the country settled here. In the mid-1990s, private developers bought the land north of the narrow street -Huining Luthat runs through the neighbourhood, demolished existing housing and replaced it with a gated high-rise compound.…”