Multiwell plates loaded with fluorescent hydrogel sensors for measuring pH and glucose concentration

Vilozny, Boaz; Schiller, Alexander; Wessling, Ritchie A.; Singaram, Bakthan

doi:10.1039/c0jm04257a

Cited by 43 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…163 Zhang and co-workers 164 have also used the interaction of diboronic acid viologens 89, 91, and 97 to produce fructoseselective systems. Feng and Wang and co-workers 165 have followed in the footsteps of Singaram and used boronic acidfunctionalized benzyl viologen 89 with a BINOL-based watersoluble conjugated polymer.…”

Section: Displacement Assays For Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glucose Sensing in Supramolecular Chemistry

2015

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Section: Displacement Assays For Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glucose Sensing in Supramolecular Chemistry

2015

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“…Several bipyridinium and phenanthrolinium based receptors have been synthesized previously and have been studied extensively for glucose binding. 13,26,31 From our library of receptors, six BBVs were chosen for this study based on the following criteria: (a) at least one boronic acid motif must be in the ortho position; (b) each receptor have varying intramolecular distance between boron atoms; (c) the cationic charge of all receptors must be at minimum of 2+; and (d) each receptor must be synthesized in no more than three steps (Figure 2). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiwell Assay for the Analysis of Sugar Gut Permeability Markers: Discrimination of Sugar Alcohols with a Fluorescent Probe Array Based on Boronic Acid Appended Viologens

et al. 2016

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With the aim of discerning between different sugar and sugar alcohols of biomedical relevance, such as gut permeability, arrays of 2-component probes were assembled with up to six boronic acid-appended viologens (BBVs): 4,4′-o-BBV, 3,3′-o-BBV, 3,4′-o-BBV, 4,4′-o,m-BBV, 4,7′-o-PBBV, and pBoB, each coupled to the fluorophore 8-hydroxypyrene, 1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS). These probes were screened for their ability to discriminate between lactulose, l-rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, and xylose. Binding studies of sugar alcohols mannitol, sorbitol, erythritol, adonitol, arabitol, galactitol, and xylitol revealed that diols containing threo-1,2-diol units have higher affinity for BBVs relative diols containing erythro-1,2 units. Those containing both threo-1,2- and 1,3-syn diol motifs showed high affinity for boronic acid binding. Fluorescence from the arrays were examined by principle component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Arrays with only three BBVs sufficed to discriminate between sugars (e.g., lactulose) and sugar alcohols (e.g., mannitol), establishing a differential probe. Compared with 4,4′-o-BBV, 2-fold reductions in lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were achieved for lactulose with 4,7-o-PBBV (LOD 41 μM, LOQ 72 μM). Using a combination of 4,4′-o-BBV, 4,7-o-PBBV, and pBoB, LDA statistically segregated lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratios from 0.1 to 0.5, consistent with values encountered in small intestinal permeability tests. Another triad containing 3,3′-o-BBV, 4,4′-o-BBV, and 4,7-o-PBBV also discerned similar L/M ratios. This proof-of-concept demonstrates the potential for BBV arrays as an attractive alternate to HPLC to analyze mixtures of sugars and sugar alcohols in biomedical applications and sheds light on structural motifs that make this possible.

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“…It has several advantages over conventional polymerization techniques. These include spatial and temporal control over polymerization, fast curing rates (less than a second to a few minutes) at room or physiological temperatures, and minimal heat production [12]. Visible or UV light can interact with light-sensitive compounds called photoinitiators to create free radicals that can initiate polymerization to form crosslinked hydrogels [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%