Multivariate Statistical Methods

Manly, Bryan F. J.; Alberto, Jorge

doi:10.1201/9781315382135

Cited by 193 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…The number of dimensions in a map is linked to the number of latent underlying factors in the dataset, similarly to other procedures like factor analysis. As a consequence, the optimal number of dimensions to represent the data is dependent on several factors: the number of variables in the model; the lack of fit (s-stress value), given the number of dimensions; an index of fit of the model (R 2 -value); and interpretability of the dimensions (18). Typically, R 2 -values of 0.8 or higher are considered acceptable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Low Grade Prostate Cancer: Can It Be a Better Predictor Than Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen?

et al. 2021

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether prostate cancer (PC) patients can be accurately classified on the bases of tissue expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). This retrospective study included 28 patients with PC. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were used for diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry staining techniques were used to evaluate PSMA and GRPR expression (both number of cells expressed and % of area stained). To assess the independent associations among selected variables, a multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was used. It was found that the PSMA expression was inversely correlated with GRPR expression. Only the number of cells expressing GRPR was significantly related to the Gleason score. Both the percentage of area expressing GRPR and the number of cells expressing PSMA were close to reaching significance at the 0.05 level. MDS provided a map of the overall, independent association confirming that GRPR and PSMA represent inversely correlated measures of the same dimension. In conclusion, our data showed that GRPR expression should be evaluated in prostate biopsy specimens to improve our ability to detect PC with low grades at the earliest phases of development. Considering that GRPRs appear to be directly involved in the mechanisms of tumor proliferation, advancements in nuclear medicine radiotherapy can focus on this receptor to improve the therapeutic approach to PC. Further studies in our laboratory will investigate the molecular mechanisms of activation based on GRPR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Low Grade Prostate Cancer: Can It Be a Better Predictor Than Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen?

et al. 2021

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“…The spores measurements were statistically analyzed in SPSS (Ver 16) and minimum, maximum, mean values, and standard errors are obtained. The quantitative and qualitative traits were figured out for their capability to group taxa employing hierarchical clustering method (UPGMA) abbreviated as Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean), utilizing MVSP software version 3.2 (Manly & Alberto, 2016). Pairwise relationships were evaluated by Euclidean distance coefficients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of spore morphology to solve identification problems in certain species of family Dryopteridaceae from Malakand Division, Pakistan

Shah

Ahmad

Zafar

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Here we investigate the morphology of the spores of 12 native taxa of Dryopteridaceae that grow in Malakand division, Pakistan; most of these species not fully described before. This study intends to survey the taxonomic significance of spore morphological features and their variation useful for species identification in 7 species of Polystichum and 5 taxa of Dryopteris. The spores examinations were accomplished utilizing a light microscope (LM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The spores are monolete, medium-sized, with variable shapes in both equatorial and polar views.The mean estimation of equatorial diameter ranging from 28.3 to 58.3 μm and the polar diameter varied from 27.6 to 45.8 μm. The exospore thickness ranges between 1.6 to 3.8 μm, and the thickness of perispore is 0.8-6.7 μm. The perispore is perforated, ornamentation elements occur in different ways in the studied taxa of Polystichum. In investigated Dryopteris taxa, rugate perispore type is found. Results of multivariate statistical analysis (UPGMA, and PCA) established on quantitative and qualitative morphological traits of spores demonstrate that the species form distinct groups, not reflecting any phylogenetic relationships. A key to the spores types is provided for species identification, which dependent on the diagnostic characters of spores. The results of this study indicate that variation of spore morphological traits; in particular, the ornamentation and perispore characteristics, which is surface texture, have diagnostic value at the species level. Our data will help in the identification of spores of the family Dryopteridaceae in palynological and taxonomic studies.

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“…Higher values for absolute coefficients for each particular variable determine better discriminating power. Afterward, data were standardized following the premises reported by Manly and Alberto [29], and Mahalanobis distances were calculated using the following formula:…”

Section: Canonical Coefficient and Loading Interpretation And Spatial Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds

Ariza

Arbulu

Jurado³

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p < 0.05 at least). Multicollinearity analysis reported (variance inflation factor (VIF) >5 variables were discarded) white nails, ocular ratio, and back length (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.191, 0.357, and 0.429, respectively) to have the highest discriminant power in female morphological characterization. For males, ocular ratio and black/corneous and white beak colors (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.180, 0.210, and 0.349, respectively) displayed the greatest discriminant potential. The first two functions explained around 90% intergroup variability. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was used to determine genotype clustering patterns. Interbreed and varieties proximity was evaluated through Mahalanobis distances. Despite the adaptability capacity to alternative production systems ascribed to both avian breeds, Sureña and Utrerana morphologically differ. Breed dimorphism may evidence differential adaptability mechanisms linked to their aptitude (dual purpose/egg production). The present tool may serve as a model for the first stages of breed protection to be applicable in other endangered avian breeds worldwide.

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Multivariate Statistical Methods

Cited by 193 publications

References 0 publications

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Low Grade Prostate Cancer: Can It Be a Better Predictor Than Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen?

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Low Grade Prostate Cancer: Can It Be a Better Predictor Than Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen?

Application of spore morphology to solve identification problems in certain species of family Dryopteridaceae from Malakand Division, Pakistan

Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds

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