Multivariate phenotypic divergence along an urbanization gradient

Santangelo, James S.; Advenard, Carole; Rivkin, L. Ruth; Thompson, Ken

doi:10.1101/699017

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…thaliana has evolved lower stem biomass and fewer branches, fruits and seeds, but higher rosette biomass. This is in line with studies documenting that urban plants were generally larger in a common garden, but contrasts their findings that they had a higher fitness (Santangelo et al, 2020; Yakub & Tiffin, 2017). Our plants showed a somewhat increased root biomass with increasing urbanization of their mothers’ environment in the absence of caterpillars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Phenotypic and genotypic divergence of plant–herbivore interactions along an urbanization gradient

Bonte

Vandegehuchte

2022

Evolutionary Applications

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Urbanization alters abiotic and biotic environments across time and space (McDonnell & Hahs, 2015), as a result of the fragmentation of natural habitat and increased pollution, temperature, impervious surface area and numbers of invasive species (Grimm et al., 2008;Niemelä et al., 2011). These environmental changes have greatly altered species' population dynamics, community structure (Alberti, 2015) and species interaction networks (Delgado-V & French, 2012;

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Phenotypic and genotypic divergence of plant–herbivore interactions along an urbanization gradient

Bonte

Vandegehuchte

2022

Evolutionary Applications

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“…Urban environments have many concomitant differences from rural environments (Johnson and Munshi-South, 2017), and urban stormwater in particular is often a complex mix of synthetic organic compounds and other inputs novel to ecosystems (Masoner et al, 2019). The best strategy to persist may simply be to grow and reproduce quickly: like our duckweed, faster growth or shorter time to reproduction in genotypes from urban areas has been observed in other species (Brans and De Meester, 2018;Gorton et al, 2018;Santangelo et al, 2020, see Figure S3).…”

Section: Any Benefits Of Shared History Between Duckweed and Microbio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Having the ‘right’ microbiome matters for host trait expression and the strength of mutualism between duckweeds and microbes

O'Brien

Laurich

Frederickson

2022

Preprint

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An organism's phenotypes and fitness often depend on interactive effects of its genome Ghost, microbiome (Gmicrobe), and environment (E). These GxG, GxE, and GxGxE effects fundamentally shape host-microbiome (co)evolution and may be widespread, but are rarely compared within a single experiment. We collected and cultured Lemna minor (duckweed) and its associated microbiome from 10 sites across an urban-to-rural ecotone. We factorially manipulated host genotype and microbiome in two environments (low and high zinc, an urban aquatic stressor) in an experiment with 200 treatments: 10 host genotypes X 10 microbiomes X 2 environments. Host genotype explained the most variation in L. minor fitness and traits, while microbiome effects depended on host genotype (GxG) or environment (GxE). Hosts had higher fitness and microbes grew fastest when tested microbiomes more closely matched field microbiomes, suggesting some local adaptation between hosts and their microbiota. High microbiome similarity also led to more predictable host trait expression. In contrast, although zinc decreased host fitness, we observed no local adaptation of urban duckweed or microbes to high-zinc conditions. Thus, we found that host fitness and trait expression are contingent on microbiome composition, with implications for microbiome engineering and host-microbiome evolution.

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“…All code and data used in this manuscript are available from the Dryad Digital Repository () [47] and on the GitHub page for J.S.S. ().…”

Section: Data Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate phenotypic divergence along an urbanization gradient

et al. 2020

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Evidence suggests that natural populations can evolve to better tolerate the novel environmental conditions associated with urban areas. Studies of adaptive divergence in urban areas often examine one or a few traits at a time from populations residing only at the most extreme urban and nonurban habitats. Thus, whether urbanization drives divergence in many traits simultaneously in a manner that varies with the degree of urbanization remains unclear. To address this gap, we generated seed families of white clover ( Trifolium repens ) collected from 27 populations along an urbanization gradient in Toronto, Canada, grew them in a common garden, and measured 14 phenotypic traits. Families from urban sites had evolved later phenology and germination, larger flowers, thinner stolons, reduced cyanogenesis, greater biomass and greater seed set. Pollinator observations revealed near-complete turnover of pollinator morphological groups along the urbanization gradient, which may explain some of the observed divergences in floral traits and phenology. Our results suggest that adaptation to urban environments involves multiple traits.

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Multivariate phenotypic divergence along an urbanization gradient

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Phenotypic and genotypic divergence of plant–herbivore interactions along an urbanization gradient

Phenotypic and genotypic divergence of plant–herbivore interactions along an urbanization gradient

Having the ‘right’ microbiome matters for host trait expression and the strength of mutualism between duckweeds and microbes

Multivariate phenotypic divergence along an urbanization gradient

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