Multivariate Optimization of Electrochemical Biosensors for the Determination of Compounds Related to Food Safety—A Review

Abstract

We summarize the application of multivariate optimization for the construction of electrochemical biosensors. The introduction provides an overview of electrochemical biosensing, which is classified into catalytic-based and affinity-based biosensors, and discusses the most recent published works in each category. We then explore the relevance of electrochemical biosensors for food safety analysis, taking into account analytes of different natures. Then, we describe the chemometrics tools used in the construction of electrochemical sensors/biosensors and provide examples from the literature. Finally, we carefully discuss the construction of electrochemical biosensors based on design of experiments, including the advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives of using multivariate optimization in this field. The discussion section offers a comprehensive analysis of these topics.

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…100 Kalambate et al reviewed the progress of electrochemical (bio) sensors for the detection of biomarkers, pharmaceutical drugs, and environmental contaminants, including how the synthetic strategies and surface functionalization affect various properties of MXenes. 101 Many other excellent recent reviews of MXene-based sensors are also available, [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] and this work provides updates through 2023.…”