Multivariate Models of Child-to-Mother Violence and Child-to-Father Violence among Adolescents

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to address how multiple risk factors that were previously related and derived from ecological levels, when taken together, could explain child-to-mother and child-to-father violence. A total of 298 Spanish adolescents (140 girls) who had committed CPV, with a mean age of 15.91 (SD age = 1.89), offender residents of specialized closed institutions for adolescents who had aggressed their parents (49.5%) and educational centres (50.6%) completed all measures. Both models obtained adequate fit indexes and explained about 50% of the variance in the two types of violence. At contextual (exosystem) level, peer deviance was indirectly related to both types of CPV. At family level (microsystem), the strongest direct predictor in both models was parental ineffectiveness in applying discipline. An additional direct path to child-tomother violence was the use of corporal punishment. At individual level (ontogenic), the two strongest direct predictors in both models were adolescents' impulsivity and substance abuse. The models highlight the complexity of the variables involved in the development of CPV. Regarding intervention implications, the models show the importance of paying attention to family variables, such as parents' mode of implementation of disciplinary measures, and individual factors, such as adolescents' impulsivity and substance abuse.Modelos multivarible de violencia filio-parental hacia la madre y hacia el padre entre adolescentes R E S U M E N Este estudio tuvo como fin abordar de qué modo podría explicar la violencia filio-parental (VFP) hacia la madre y hacia el padre los múltiples factores de riesgo relacionados previamente y derivados de niveles ecológicos en su conjunto. Un total de 298 adolescentes españoles (140 chicas) que presentaban índices elevados de VFP, con una edad media de 15.91 (DT = 1.89) y pertenecientes a centros psicoterapéuticos cerrados especializados en el trabajo de la VFP (49.5%) y a centros educativos (50.6%) cumplimentaron todas las medidas. Ambos modelos obtuvieron índices de ajuste adecuados y explicaron aproximadamente el 50% de la varianza de los dos tipos de VPF. En el nivel contextual (exosistema), la influencia de compañeros conflictivos se relacionó indirectamente con ambos tipos de VFP. A nivel familiar (microsistema), el mayor predictor directo en ambos modelos fue la ineficacia parental en la aplicación de la disciplina. Una relación directa adicional en el caso de la VFP hacia la madre fue el uso del castigo físico. Al nivel individual (ontogénico), los dos mejores predictores directos en ambos modelos fueron la impulsividad y el abuso de sustancias por parte de los adolescentes. Los modelos subrayan la complejidad de las variables involucradas en el desarrollo de la VFP. Respecto a las implicaciones para la intervención, los modelos enfatizan la importancia de prestar atención a las variables familiares, como el modo en el que los progenitores implementan las estrategias disciplinarias, y a factores individuales, como la impulsividad y...

La especificidad conductual de la violencia filio-parental

“…Adolescents in the later years of schooling are more likely to intimidate (psychological violence) their parents. These results are broadly consistent with the findings of Calvete et al 2013, Del Hoyo-Bilbao et al (2020), Ibabe et al (2013), Pagani et al, (2004Pagani et al, ( , 2009 and Simmons et al (2018), but only in relation to these specific behaviors and not the total.…”

“…The question is to see why these and no other forms of exposure to violence have an impact on these behaviors or on other manifestations of CPV. In this regard, it is interesting to note how in the study by Del Hoyo-Bilbao et al (2020), seeing violence enters the multivariate model, but not suffering violence, despite the fact that this variable has previously been consistently related to CPV (Gallego et al, 2019).…”

“…The results regarding the gender of the aggressor are consistent with previous research (Ibabe & Bentler, 2016;Orue, 2019;Simmons et al, 2018), since boys and girls exert CPV equally in all the behaviors studied. Previous studies do systematically relate drug abuse to CVP in global terms (Del Hoyo-Bilbao et al, 2020), but in this case the relationship is only with hitting (physical violence) and running away from home (emotional violence). It is also those who run away (emotional violence) that are diagnosed with mental illness, while those who get parents into debt (economic violence) are the worst academic performers.…”

Analyzing the Relationship Between Child-to-Parent Violence and Perceived Parental Warmth

“…The literature also reveals a close relationship between a deviant peer group and drug use during adolescence (e.g., Fergusson et al, 2002 ; Duan et al, 2009 ; Kendler et al, 2014 ). Regarding CPV, in Spain, it has been observed recently that a deviant peer group predicts drug use, which in turn is linked to violent behavior toward parents ( Del Hoyo-Bilbao et al, 2020 ), i.e., there is an indirect effect of the deviant peer group on CPV through drug use. At the same time, these authors found that affiliation with a deviant peer group was influenced by family variables such as a lack of parental support or parental inefficiency.…”

“…(2) Hostile attribution ( Orobio de Castro et al, 2002 ; Arsenio et al, 2009 ) and anger ( Poulin and Boivin, 2000 ; Contreras et al, 2020 ) are positively correlated with CPV motivated by reactive reasons. (3) Relationship with a deviant peer group is positively correlated with drug use ( Del Hoyo-Bilbao et al, 2020 ), which in turn is positively correlated with CPV motivated both by reactive reasons ( Pagani et al, 2004 ; Contreras and Cano-Lozano, 2015 ) and instrumental reasons ( Calvete and Orue, 2016 ; Contreras et al, 2019 , 2020 ).…”