Multivariate analysis as a method to evaluate antigenic relationships between BVDV vaccine and field strains

Mósena, Ana Cristina Sbaraini; Falkenberg, Shollie M.; Ma, Hao; Casas, Eduardo; Dassanayake, Rohana P.; Walz, Paul H.; Canal, Cláudio Wageck; Neill, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.010

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The ORF encodes a large polyprotein consisting of four structural (C, E rns , E1, E2) and eight non-structural proteins (N pro , p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B). The field isolates were also chosen based on the previously described antigenic diversity as determined by virus neutralization (VN) assay and principle component analysis ( 20 ). Isolates were selected to represent both the range of genetic diversity observed in the phylogenetic analysis and the range of serological antigenic diversity observed in the principle component analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of four BVDV-1a (BOAEC1190, GL760, PI34, and PI407), four BVDV-1b (Nebraska, PI11, PI285, and PI819), and four BVDV-2a (890, MARC-60760, PI28, and AzSpleen) were selected. Details regarding complete genome sequencing and BVDV isolate characterization are previously described in the literature, in addition to GenBank accession numbers ( 20 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antigenic similarities and differences observed in these studies appeared to be isolate and study specific rather than a general trend among all isolates that belong to a subgenotype. Most recently, a multivariate analysis for determining antigenic relatedness among Pestiviruses was described ( 20 ). Using this methodology, antigenic diversity was demonstrated not only among BVDV species, but also among BVDV-1 subgenotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this methodology, antigenic diversity was demonstrated not only among BVDV species, but also among BVDV-1 subgenotypes. Data from the multivariate analysis would suggest that some BVDV-1 strains are as antigenically distinct from each other as BVDV-2 strains are distinct from BVDV-1 strains ( 20 ). While other studies were unable to discern serological subgroups ( 15 ), the multivariate analysis appears to provide clusters of strains that have similar VNT patterns and may be a method for better understanding BVDV serologic subgroups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Antigenic Comparisons Among BVDV Isolates as it Relates to Humoral and Cell Mediated Responses

Falkenberg

Dassanayake

Terhaar³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Antigenic differences between bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine strains and field isolates can lead to reduced vaccine efficacy. Historically, antigenic differences among BVDV strains were evaluated using techniques based on polyclonal and monoclonal antibody activity. The most common method for antigenic comparison among BVDV isolates is determination of virus neutralization titer (VNT). BVDV antigenic comparisons using VNT only account for the humoral component of the adaptive immune response, and not cell mediated immunity (CMI) giving an incomplete picture of protective responses. Currently, little data is available regarding potential antigenic differences between BVDV vaccine strains and field isolates as measured by CMI responses. The goal of the current paper is to evaluate two groups of cattle that differed in the frequency they were vaccinated, to determine if similar trends in CMI responses exist within each respective group when stimulated with antigenically different BVDV strains. Data from the current study demonstrated variability in the CMI response is associated with the viral strain used for stimulation. Variability in IFN-γ mRNA expression was most pronounced in the CD4+ population, this was observed between the viruses within each respective BVDV subgenotype in the Group 1 calves. The increase in frequency of CD25+ cells and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the CD8+ and CD335+ populations were not as variable between BVDV strains used for stimulation in the Group 1 calves. Additionally, an inverse relationship between VNT and IFN-γ mRNA expression was observed, as the lowest VNT and highest IFN-γ mRNA expression was observed and vice versa, the highest VNT and lowest IFN-γ mRNA expression was observed. A similar trend regardless of vaccination status was observed between the two groups of calves, as the BVDV-1b strain had lower IFN-γ mRNA expression. Collectively, data from the current study and previous data support, conferring protection against BVDV as a method for control of BVDV in cattle populations is still a complex issue and requires a multifactorial approach to understand factors associated with vaccine efficacy or conversely vaccine failure. Although, there does appear to be an antigenic component associated with CMI responses as well as with humoral responses as determined by VNT.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Antigenic Comparisons Among BVDV Isolates as it Relates to Humoral and Cell Mediated Responses

Falkenberg

Dassanayake

Terhaar³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…The diagnoses of both virus and immune responses can be hampered by the genetic and antigenic variability of pestiviruses. More robust approaches are required to assess antigenic relationships between the various Pestivirus species and subtypes [ 95 ]. Most tests were established against Pestiviruses A and B (BVDV-1 and -2) and have not been fully validated to detect Pestivirus H (BVDV-3) or Pestivirus D (BDV).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Bovine Pestivirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Pestivirus Heterogeneity and Its Potential Impact on Vaccination and Diagnosis

Riitho

Strong

Larska

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Bovine Pestiviruses A and B, formerly known as bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV)-1 and 2, respectively, are important pathogens of cattle worldwide, responsible for significant economic losses. Bovine viral diarrhoea control programmes are in effect in several high-income countries but less so in low- and middle-income countries where bovine pestiviruses are not considered in disease control programmes. However, bovine pestiviruses are genetically and antigenically diverse, which affects the efficiency of the control programmes. The emergence of atypical ruminant pestiviruses (Pestivirus H or BVDV-3) from various parts of the world and the detection of Pestivirus D (border disease virus) in cattle highlights the challenge that pestiviruses continue to pose to control measures including the development of vaccines with improved cross-protective potential and enhanced diagnostics. This review examines the effect of bovine pestivirus diversity and emergence of atypical pestiviruses in disease control by vaccination and diagnosis.

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Mechanism of drug resistance of BVDV induced by F224S mutation in RdRp: A case study of VP32947

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Computational Biology and Chemistry

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Multivariate analysis as a method to evaluate antigenic relationships between BVDV vaccine and field strains

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of Antigenic Comparisons Among BVDV Isolates as it Relates to Humoral and Cell Mediated Responses

Evaluation of Antigenic Comparisons Among BVDV Isolates as it Relates to Humoral and Cell Mediated Responses

Bovine Pestivirus Heterogeneity and Its Potential Impact on Vaccination and Diagnosis

Mechanism of drug resistance of BVDV induced by F224S mutation in RdRp: A case study of VP32947

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