Multisensory Enhancement of Odor Object Processing in Primary Olfactory Cortex

Porada, Danja K.; Regenbogen, Christina; Seubert, Janina; Freiherr, Jessica; Lundström, Johan N.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.040

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Because the orbitofrontal cortex is a multimodal region, it could potentially provide a similar amount of input to piriform cortex independent of whether input from an olfactory bulb occurs or not, and thereby stimulate similar development of connectivity. The fact that piriform cortex has been associated with complex processes, such as attention and memory (Zelano et al 2005;Zelano et al 2009), and even processing of non-olfactory information such as visual (Porada et al 2019) and intranasal trigeminal sensations (Albrecht et al 2010), further supports the notion that piriform cortex might receive a comparable magnitude of neural input from neocortical areas even in the absence of olfactory input. One of the most noteworthy examples is the fact that piriform cortex is activated by odorless sniffs (Sobel et al 1998), an activation that, at least tentatively, also occurs in individuals with congenital anosmia (Weiss et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Normal Olfactory Functional Connectivity Despite Life-Long Absence of Olfactory Experiences

Peter

Fransson

Mårtensson

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Congenital blindness is associated with atypical morphology, and functional connectivity within and from, visual cortical regions; changes that are hypothesized to originate from a life-long absence of visual input and could be regarded as a general (re)organization principle of sensory cortices. Challenging this is the fact that individuals with congenital anosmia (life-long olfactory sensory loss) display little to no morphological changes in primary olfactory cortex. To determine whether olfactory input from birth is essential to establish and maintain normal functional connectivity in olfactory processing regions, akin to the visual system, we assessed differences in functional connectivity within olfactory cortex between individuals with congenital anosmia (n=33) and matched controls (n=34). Specifically, we assessed differences in connectivity between core olfactory processing regions as well as differences in regional homogeneity and homotopic connectivity within primary olfactory cortex. In contrast to congenital blindness, none of the analyses indicated atypical connectivity in individuals with congenital anosmia. In fact, post-hoc Bayesian analysis provided support for an absence of group differences. These results suggest that a lifelong absence of olfactory experience has limited impact on the functional connectivity in olfactory cortex, a finding that indicates a clear difference between sensory modalities in how sensory cortical regions develop.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Normal Olfactory Functional Connectivity Despite Life-Long Absence of Olfactory Experiences

Peter

Fransson

Mårtensson

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nonetheless, we believe that the most parsimonious explanation is that the late beta is representing valence-dependent signals that project back, directly or indirectly, from other cerebral areas, such as the orbitofrontal, amygdala, and piriform cortex. These projections would then help shape the final interpretation of the odor by adding information of past experiences ( 51 ) as well as information about the odor object per se ( 52 – 54 )—two factors that are known to strongly influence the final odor valence percept ( 4 , 55 ). Nonetheless, the analysis we performed in this study was unable to demonstrate directionality and future studies need to determine this specific question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human olfactory bulb processes odor valence representation and cues motor avoidance behavior

Iravani

Schaefer

Wilson

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Determining the valence of an odor to guide rapid approach–avoidance behavior is thought to be one of the core tasks of the olfactory system, and yet little is known of the initial neural mechanisms supporting this process or of its subsequent behavioral manifestation in humans. In two experiments, we measured the functional processing of odor valence perception in the human olfactory bulb (OB)—the first processing stage of the olfactory system—using a noninvasive method as well as assessed the subsequent motor avoidance response. We demonstrate that odor valence perception is associated with both gamma and beta activity in the human OB. Moreover, we show that negative, but not positive, odors initiate an early beta response in the OB, a response that is linked to a preparatory neural motor response in the motor cortex. Finally, in a separate experiment, we show that negative odors trigger a full-body motor avoidance response, manifested as a rapid leaning away from the odor, within the time period predicted by the OB results. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the human OB processes odor valence in a sequential manner in both the gamma and beta frequency bands and suggest that rapid processing of unpleasant odors in the OB might underlie rapid approach–avoidance decisions.

show abstract

“…While converse relationships have been explored, for example, by finding that sounds can change the taste of wine (Spence & Wang, 2015), the effect of odors on sounds still needs to be further investigated. At the same time, Porada et al (2019) showed that cross-modal object information, consisting of odors, videos, and sounds, caused an increase in human posterior piriform cortex activity and resulted in an increased neural response to the odor object. This finding underlines the importance of crossmodal sensory stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Smells Influence Perceived Pleasantness but Not Memorization of a Visual Virtual Environment

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study aimed to investigate whether the perception of still scenes in a virtual environment in congruent versus incongruent condition can be influenced by odors. Ninety healthy participants were divided into three groups, including two experimental virtual reality (VR) environments: a rose garden, an orange basket, and a control condition. In each VR condition, participants were exposed to a rose odor, an orange odor, or no odor, resulting in congruent, incongruent, and control conditions. Participants were asked to describe (a) the content of the VR scene and rate its overall pleasantness and (b) the smell and to rate its intensity and pleasantness. For each condition, participants were tested twice. During the second test, participants provided ratings and descriptions of the content of the VR scenes without being exposed to odors or VR environments. Virtual scenarios tended to be remembered as more pleasant when presented with congruent odors. Furthermore, participants used more descriptors in congruent scenarios than in incongruent scenarios. Eventually, rose odor appeared to be remembered as more pleasant when presented within congruent scenarios. These findings show that olfactory stimuli in congruent versus incongruent conditions can possibly modulate the perception of the pleasantness of visual scenes but not the memorization.

show abstract

Multisensory Enhancement of Odor Object Processing in Primary Olfactory Cortex

Cited by 33 publications

References 59 publications

Normal Olfactory Functional Connectivity Despite Life-Long Absence of Olfactory Experiences

Normal Olfactory Functional Connectivity Despite Life-Long Absence of Olfactory Experiences

The human olfactory bulb processes odor valence representation and cues motor avoidance behavior

Smells Influence Perceived Pleasantness but Not Memorization of a Visual Virtual Environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About