The human olfactory bulb processes odor valence representation and cues motor avoidance behavior

Iravani, Behzad; Schaefer, Martin; Wilson, Donald A.; Arshamian, Artin; Lundström, Johan N.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2101209118

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…For them, results are similar to those observed in previous research, that unpleasant odors are less affected by aging ( Konstantinidis et al 2006 ). There is increasing evidence that unpleasant odors have a privileged access to the olfactory cortex ( Iravani et al 2021 ) and that there is cross-cultural agreement on which odors are unpleasant ( Arshamian et al 2022 ; Oleszkiewicz et al 2022 ). We speculate that for older participants that have a sufficient olfactory capacity (high-performers), unpleasant odor representations are preserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual odor qualities predict successful odor identification in old age

et al. 2022

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Odor identification is a common assessment of olfaction, and it is affected in a large number of diseases. Identification abilities decline with age, but little is known about whether there are perceptual odor features that can be used to predict identification. Here, we analyzed data from a large, population-based sample of 2,479 adults, aged 60 years or above, from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Participants performed both free and cued odor identification tests. In a separate experiment, we assessed perceived pleasantness, familiarity, intensity, and edibility of all odors in the first sample, and examined how odor identification performance is associated with these variables. The analysis showed that high-intensity odors are easier to identify than low-intensity odors overall, but also that they are more susceptible to the negative repercussions of old age. This result indicates that sensory decline is a major aspect of age-dependent odor identification impairment, and suggests a framework where identification likelihood is proportional to the perceived intensity of the odor. Additional analyses further showed that high-performing individuals can discriminate target odors from distractors along the pleasantness and edibility dimensions and that unpleasant and inedible odors show smaller age-related differences in identification. Altogether, these results may guide further development and optimization of brief and efficient odor identification tests as well as influence the design of odorous products targeted toward older consumers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual odor qualities predict successful odor identification in old age

et al. 2022

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“…This account can then be cited in a manuscript submitted for publication and easily inspected by reviewers, editors, and readers. The field of human chemosensory perception and neuroimaging has recently shown an accelerated pace in the adoption of these practices ( Havermans and Hendriks, 2020 ; Parma et al, 2020 ; Iravani et al, 2021b ; Thunell et al, 2021 ; Torske et al, 2021 ). In absence of a pre-registration, an alternative solution is to be transparent about post hoc analyses and to perform the appropriate corrections for multiple comparisons.…”

Section: Best Practices From the Connectomics Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Directions for Chemosensory Connectomes: Best Practices and Specific Challenges

Veldhuizen

Cecchetto

Fjældstad

et al. 2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Ecological chemosensory stimuli almost always evoke responses in more than one sensory system. Moreover, any sensory processing takes place along a hierarchy of brain regions. So far, the field of chemosensory neuroimaging is dominated by studies that examine the role of brain regions in isolation. However, to completely understand neural processing of chemosensation, we must also examine interactions between regions. In general, the use of connectivity methods has increased in the neuroimaging field, providing important insights to physical sensory processing, such as vision, audition, and touch. A similar trend has been observed in chemosensory neuroimaging, however, these established techniques have largely not been rigorously applied to imaging studies on the chemical senses, leaving network insights overlooked. In this article, we first highlight some recent work in chemosensory connectomics and we summarize different connectomics techniques. Then, we outline specific challenges for chemosensory connectome neuroimaging studies. Finally, we review best practices from the general connectomics and neuroimaging fields. We recommend future studies to develop or use the following methods we perceive as key to improve chemosensory connectomics: (1) optimized study designs, (2) reporting guidelines, (3) consensus on brain parcellations, (4) consortium research, and (5) data sharing.

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“…Moreover, the interplay between olfactory system and motor system during olfactory hedonic perception were not yet fully investigated. A previous study indicates a functional link between the olfactory bulb and the motor cortex with a specific pattern of oscillations associated with both odor’ valence and avoidance response ( Iravani et al, 2021 ). In addition, the processing of odor pleasantness engages a large network including the precentral gyrus ( Ruser et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Cortex Response to Pleasant Odor Perception and Imagery: The Differential Role of Personality Dimensions and Imagery Ability

Infortuna

Gualano

Freedberg

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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BackgroundNeuroimaging studies have shown a complex pattern of brain activation during perception of a pleasant odor and during its olfactory imagery. To date, little is known regarding changes in motor cortex excitability during these tasks. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is extensively used in perfumes and cosmetics for its pleasantness. Therefore, to further our understanding of the human sense of smell, this study aimed to investigate the effect of perception and imagery of a pleasant odor (BEO) on motor cortex using Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Materials and MethodsWe examined the primary motor cortex (M1) excitability during perception of a pleasant odor (BEO) or perception of odorless saline (experiment 1). Furthermore, we tested the effect of olfactory imagery (OI) of BEO on corticospinal excitability (experiment 2). The increase in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude was correlated with personality dimensions scores, pleasantness, vividness, and general imagery ability.ResultsThe results indicate that the corticospinal excitability changed after both perception and imagery of a pleasant odor (BEO). The correlation analysis shows an association with neuroticism personality trait (experiment 1) and with general olfactory imagery ability (experiment 2).ConclusionBoth perception of a pleasant odor and its olfactory imagery modulate motor cortex excitability. The enhanced brain activation is affected by specific individual characteristics. Overall, our findings provide physiological evidence for a complex interaction between the olfactory and motor systems.

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The human olfactory bulb processes odor valence representation and cues motor avoidance behavior

Cited by 24 publications

References 87 publications

Perceptual odor qualities predict successful odor identification in old age

Perceptual odor qualities predict successful odor identification in old age

Future Directions for Chemosensory Connectomes: Best Practices and Specific Challenges

Motor Cortex Response to Pleasant Odor Perception and Imagery: The Differential Role of Personality Dimensions and Imagery Ability

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