Multisensor profiling of a concentric gravity wave event propagating from the troposphere to the ionosphere

Azeem, Irfan; Yue, Jia; Hoffmann, Lars; Miller, Steven D.; Straka, W. C.; Crowley, G.

doi:10.1002/2015gl065903

Cited by 118 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Detrended TEC was calculated using the same method mentioned in Coster et al (2017) and Zhang et al (2017), where 1-hr TEC moving average was subtracted. Such objects are referred to as deep convective clouds and can be an important source for the generation of upward propagating AGWs (Azeem et al, 2015;Jonah et al, 2018;Vadas & Liu, 2009). Several possible traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) wavefronts (marked with dashed lines) can also be clearly seen with an estimated propagation velocity of ∼200-300 m/s and wavelength of ∼500-800 km.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Ground‐Based and Space‐Based Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Zou

Eastes

et al. 2020

JGR Space Physics

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This paper presents coordinated and fortuitous ground-based and spaceborne observations of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) over the South American area on 24 October 2018, combining the following measurements: Global-scale Observations of Limb and Disk far ultraviolet emission images, Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data, Swarm in situ plasma density observations, ionosonde virtual height and drift data, and cloud brightness temperature data. The new observations from the Global-scale Observations of Limb and Disk/ultraviolet imaging spectrograph taken at geostationary orbit provide a unique opportunity to image the evolution of plasma bubbles near the F peak height over a large geographic area from a fixed longitude location. The combined multi-instrument measurements provide a more integrated and comprehensive way to study the morphological structure, development, and seeding mechanism of EPBs. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) The bubbles developed a westward tilted structure with 10-15 • inclination relative to the local geomagnetic field lines, with eastward drift velocity of 80-120 m/s near the magnetic equator that gradually decreased with increasing altitude/latitude. (2) Wave-like oscillations in the bottomside F layer and detrended total electron content were observed, which are probably due to upward propagating atmospheric gravity waves. The wavelength based on the medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance signature was consistent with the interbubble distance of ∼500-800 km. (3) The atmospheric gravity waves that originated from tropospheric convective zone are likely to play an important role in seeding the development of this equatorial EPBs event.Plain Language Summary This study presents multi-instrument observations of equatorial plasma density depletions occurred on 24 October 2018 by using Global-scale Observations of Limb and Disk far ultraviolet images, Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data, electron density measurements from Swarm satellite, ionosonde measurements, and cloud temperature data. This multi-instrument study generated an integrated and detailed image revealing both large-scale and mesoscale structures of the equatorial plasma depletion. Our results also suggest that atmospheric gravity waves originating from tropospheric convection activity could play a significant seeding role in the development of equatorial plasma bubbles. Key Points: • Combined GOLD/UV spectrograph images and ground-based TEC data revealed EPB features and development over a large geographic area • Bottomside F layer oscillations and traveling ionospheric disturbance were observed by ionosonde and detrended TEC results • Atmospheric gravity waves likely play an important role in seeding the R-T instability and the development of this EPB event Correspondence to: E. Aa,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Ground‐Based and Space‐Based Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Zou

Eastes

et al. 2020

JGR Space Physics

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“…While small‐scale GWs are likely to dissipate or break below the stratopause, medium and/or large‐scale GWs having large horizontal phase speeds and vertical wavelengths can propagate upward from their sources into the thermosphere under favorable wind conditions (Azeem et al, ; Fritts & Vadas, ; Nishioka et al, ; Vadas, ). Although these primary GWs can have concentric ring structure while in the stratosphere and mesosphere, these ring structures may be substantially altered into partial rings by the time these GWs propagate in the thermosphere (Vadas & Liu, ).…”

Section: Satellites and Gps Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Coupling Between Hurricane Matthew and the Middle to Upper Atmosphere via Gravity Waves

Yue

Xue

et al. 2019

JGR Space Physics

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During 30 September to 9 October 2016, Hurricane Matthew traversed the Caribbean Sea to the east coast of the United States. During its period of greatest intensity, in the central Caribbean, Matthew excited a large number of concentric gravity waves (GWs or CGWs). In this paper, we report on hurricane‐generated CGWs observed in both the stratosphere and mesosphere from spaceborne satellites and in the ionosphere by ground Global Positioning System receivers. We found CGWs with horizontal wavelengths of ~200–300 km in the stratosphere (height of ~30–40 km) and in the airglow layer of the mesopause (height of ~85–90 km), and we found concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs or CTIDs) with horizontal wavelengths of ~250–350 km in the ionosphere (height of ~100–400 km). The observed TIDs lasted for more than several hours on 1, 2, and 7 October 2016. We also briefly discuss the vertical and horizontal propagation of the Hurricane Matthew‐induced GWs and TIDs. This study shows that Hurricane Matthew induced significant dynamical coupling between the troposphere and the entire middle and upper atmosphere via GWs. It is the first comprehensive satellite analysis of gravity wave propagation generated by hurricane event from the troposphere through the stratosphere and mesosphere into the ionosphere.

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“…The carrier phase‐based differential approach provides an accuracy better than 0.03 TECu (Coster et al, ; 1 TECu = 10 16 e − /m 2 ), which enables one to resolve tiny but spatially coherent perturbations in TEC. The DTEC residuals were mapped to a geographical map at an altitude of 300 km and transformed from the naturally irregular spatial grid into a regular grid (e.g., Azeem et al, ; Mrak et al, ) with a resolution of 0.2° × 0.2° (geographical coordinates). Due to the size of the grid (spatial sampling) and slant‐to‐vertical mapping uncertainty, the minimum scale sizes that can be inferred from these maps are on the order of 100 km.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispectral and Multi‐instrument Observation of TIDs Following the Total Solar Eclipse of 21 August 2017

et al. 2019

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Wave‐like structures in the upper atmospheric nightglow brightness were observed on the night of 22 August 2017, approximately 8 hr following a total solar eclipse. These wave‐like perturbations are signatures of atmospheric gravity waves and associated traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Observations were made in the red line (OI 630.0 nm) and the green line (OI 557.7 nm) from Carbondale, IL, at 2–10 UTC on 22 August 2017. Based on wavelet analyses, the dominant time period in both the red and green lines was around 1.5 hr. Differential total electron content data obtained from Global Positioning System total electron content measurements at Carbondale, IL, and ionospheric parameters from digisonde measurements at Idaho National Laboratory and Millstone Hill showed a similar dominant time period. Based on these observations and their correlation with geomagnetic indices, the TIDs appear to be associated with geomagnetic disturbances. In addition, by modeling the ionosphere‐thermosphere system's response to the eclipse, it was seen that while the eclipse enhanced the O/N2 ratio and electron density (Ne) at 250 km during our observation period, it did not affect the TIDs. Vertical (7 m/s) and meridional (616 m/s) phase velocities of the TIDs were estimated using cross‐correlation analysis between red and green line brightness profiles and spectral analysis of the differential total electron content keogram, respectively. This provides a method to characterize the three‐dimensional wave properties of TIDs.

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Multisensor profiling of a concentric gravity wave event propagating from the troposphere to the ionosphere

Cited by 118 publications

References 24 publications

Coordinated Ground‐Based and Space‐Based Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Coordinated Ground‐Based and Space‐Based Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Dynamical Coupling Between Hurricane Matthew and the Middle to Upper Atmosphere via Gravity Waves

Multispectral and Multi‐instrument Observation of TIDs Following the Total Solar Eclipse of 21 August 2017

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