Multisensor Navigation Systems: A Remedy for GNSS Vulnerabilities?

Grejner‐Brzezinska, Dorota A.; Toth, Charles K.; Moore, Terry; Raquet, John; Miller, Mikel M.; Kealy, Allison

doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2528538

Cited by 64 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, a multi-frequency receiver can perform some cross checks to verify the authenticity of received signal sets. Augmenting data with auxiliary devices such as IMUs can help the target receiver to discriminate against the spoofing threat [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. In addition, a receiver can compare the solution extracted from received signals to position and navigation solutions obtained by other means, e.g., mobile networks or Wi-Fi access points [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoofing Detection Using GNSS/INS/Odometer Coupling for Vehicular Navigation

Broumandan

Lachapelle

2018

Sensors

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Location information is one of the most vital information required to achieve intelligent and context-aware capability for various applications such as driverless cars. However, related security and privacy threats are a major holdback. With increasing focus on using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for autonomous navigation and related applications, it is important to provide robust navigation solutions, yet signal spoofing for illegal or covert transportation and misleading receiver timing is increasing and now frequent. Hence, detection and mitigation of spoofing attacks has become an important topic. Several contributions on spoofing detection have been made, focusing on different layers of a GNSS receiver. This paper focuses on spoofing detection utilizing self-contained sensors, namely inertial measurement units (IMUs) and vehicle odometer outputs. A spoofing detection approach based on a consistency check between GNSS and IMU/odometer mechanization is proposed. To detect a spoofing attack, the method analyses GNSS and IMU/odometer measurements independently during a pre-selected observation window and cross checks the solutions provided by GNSS and inertial navigation solution (INS)/odometer mechanization. The performance of the proposed method is verified in real vehicular environments. Mean spoofing detection time and detection performance in terms of receiver operation characteristics (ROC) in sub-urban and dense urban environments are evaluated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoofing Detection Using GNSS/INS/Odometer Coupling for Vehicular Navigation

Broumandan

Lachapelle

2018

Sensors

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“…Recently, significant progress has been made in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)- and microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based microsensor manufacturing techniques with the rapid development of microelectronics technology [ 7 , 8 ]. Micro-fluxgate sensors fabricated by CMOS and MEMS technology show great potential in many application fields such as parallel robot applications [ 9 ], small satellite positioning [ 10 ], portable global positioning system (GPS) positioning equipment [ 11 ], detection of biomagnetic nanoparticles [ 12 ], and global navigation satellite systems [ 13 ] because of their small size, light weight, good integration of signal processing circuits, and so on. However, because of the limitation of device dimensions and the saturation magnetizing principle of operation, micro-fluxgate sensors also have several problems, including a low signal-to-noise ratio, relatively poor sensitivity, and a narrow linearity range [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Linearity Range and Highly Sensitive MEMS-Based Micro-Fluxgate Sensor with Double-Layer Magnetic Core Made of Fe–Co–B Amorphous Alloy

et al. 2017

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This paper reports a novel micro-fluxgate sensor based on a double-layer magnetic core of a Fe–Co–B-based amorphous ribbon. The melt-spinning technique was carried out to obtain a Fe–Co–B-based amorphous ribbon composite of Fe58.1Co24.9B16Si1, and the obtained amorphous ribbon was then annealed at 595 K for 1 h to benefit soft magnetic properties. The prepared ribbon showed excellent soft magnetic behavior with a high saturated magnetic intensity (Bs) of 1.74 T and a coercivity (Hc) of less than 0.2 Oe. Afterward, a micro-fluxgate sensor based on the prepared amorphous ribbon was fabricated via microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology combined with chemical wet etching. The resulting sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 1985 V/T, a wide linearity range of ±1.05 mT, and a perming error below 0.4 μT under optimal operating conditions with an excitation current amplitude of 70 mA at 500 kHz frequency. The minimum magnetic field noise was about 36 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz under the same excitation conditions; a superior resolution of 5 nT was also achieved in the fabricated sensor. To the best of our knowledge, a compact micro-fluxgate sensor with such a high-resolution capability has not been reported elsewhere. The microsensor presented here with such improved characteristics may considerably enhance the development of micro-fluxgate sensors.

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“…In order to mitigate the degradation, various alternative PNT solutions are suggested as complementary navigation sources to work with GNSS in cooperation, while others focus on substitutes for GNSS [5]. Due to increased payload capacity of modern UAVs and better availability of high-quality sensors, multi-sensor navigation is one of the most promising complementary solutions for GNSS-based UAV navigation these days [6]. Conventionally, fusion of GNSS with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is used for these purposes [7,8].…”

Section: Continuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrity Analysis for GPS-Based Navigation of UAVs in Urban Environment

et al. 2020

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The increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in safety-critical missions in both civilian and military areas demands accurate and reliable navigation, where one of the key sources of navigation information is presented by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In challenging conditions, for example, in urban areas, the accuracy of GNSS-based navigation may degrade significantly due to user-satellite geometry and obscuration issues without being noticed by the user. Therefore, considering the essentially dynamic rate of change in this type of environment, integrity monitoring is of critical importance for understanding the level of trust we have in positioning and timing data. In this paper, the dilution of precision (DOP) coefficients under nominal and challenging conditions were investigated for the purpose of integrity monitoring in urban environments. By analyzing positioning information in a simulated urban environment using a software-based GNSS receiver, the integrity monitoring approach based on joint consideration of GNSS observables and environmental parameters has been proposed. It was shown that DOP coefficients, when considered together with a number of visible satellites and cut-off elevations specific to the urban environment carry valuable integrity information that is difficult to get using existing integrity monitoring approaches. This has allowed generating indirect integrity measures based on cut-off elevation and satellite visibility that can be used for UAV path planning and guidance in urban environments.

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Multisensor Navigation Systems: A Remedy for GNSS Vulnerabilities?

Cited by 64 publications

References 32 publications

Spoofing Detection Using GNSS/INS/Odometer Coupling for Vehicular Navigation

Spoofing Detection Using GNSS/INS/Odometer Coupling for Vehicular Navigation

Wide Linearity Range and Highly Sensitive MEMS-Based Micro-Fluxgate Sensor with Double-Layer Magnetic Core Made of Fe–Co–B Amorphous Alloy

Integrity Analysis for GPS-Based Navigation of UAVs in Urban Environment

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