Multiscale grooved titanium processed with femtosecond laser influences mesenchymal stem cell morphology, adhesion, and matrix organization

Abstract

The femtosecond laser processing enabled the structuring of six types of surfaces on titanium-6aluminium-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) plates. The obtained hierarchical features consisted of a combination of microgrooves and oriented nanostructures. By adjusting beam properties such as laser polarization, the width of the microgrooves (20 or 60 μm) and the orientation of the nanostructures (parallel or perpendicular to the microgrooves) can be precisely controlled. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) grown on these structured surfaces produced cytoplasmic extensions with focal contacts, while on the smooth titanium, the cells were found to be well spread and without any focal contact 12 h postseeding. The 600-nm wide nanostructures on their own were sufficient to orient the MSCs. For the multiscale structured areas, when the orientation of the nanostructures was orthogonal in relation to the microgrooves, there was an important decrease in or even a loss of cell alignment signifying that cells were sensitive to the directional nanostructures in the microgrooves. At 7 days, cell proliferation was not affected but the direction of nanostructures controlled the matrix organization. The ultrafast laser, as a new method for producing micro-nanohybrid surfaces, is a promising approach to promote desired tissue organization for tissue engineering.

Immediate versus Delayed Treatment in the Anterior Maxilla Using Single Implants with a Laser‐Microtextured Collar: 3‐Year Results of a Case Series on Hard‐ and Soft‐Tissue Response and Esthetics

“…Some in vitro studies evaluating the effect of surface microgeometry with respect to attachment, spreading, orientation, and growth of fibroblasts, showed that cultured fibroblasts grown on microgrooved surfaces become oriented and channeled in line with the grooves, while cells grown on nongrooved surfaces showed random growth. Furthermore, laser‐ablated microgrooves promote oriented cell filipodial contact and fibrin fibril orientation . These in vitro results have provided the hypothesis that laser‐microtextured surfaces could be used to control soft tissue responses to implant surfaces.…”

Embossing of micropatterned ceramics and their cellular response

“…The anisotropic retraction rate of cell protrusions would induce cell elongation and alignment along the grooved pattern . More recently, MSCs were used to investigate the cell response to microgrooves or mixed micro/nanogrooves . This study temptingly shows that hMSCs tend to differentiate into osteogenic cell phenotypes on wider groove/pitch (50 μm/100 μm) surfaces as can be seen in Figure c, resulting in typical bone nodule‐like formations, whilst cells grown on narrower groove/pitch (10 μm/10 μm) surfaces are less developed and associated with increased contact guidance (Fig.…”

Experimental explanation of the formation mechanism of surface mound-structures by femtosecond laser on polycrystalline Ni60Nb40

“…[18][19][20] These specialized properties have a plethora of potential applications, including for photovoltaics, 14,21 drag reduction, [22][23][24] heat transfer, [25][26][27] and biomedical implants. 28,29 FLSP micro/nanostructures vary widely in morphology and size depending on target material and processing conditions. The most widely studied self-organized surface structures are nano/micro-scale ripples known as laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS).…”