Multiscale Characterization of Isotropic Pyrolytic Carbon Used for Mechanical Heart Valve Production

Serino, Gianpaolo; Gusmini, Mattia; Audenino, Alberto; Bergamasco, Giovanni; Ieropoli, Ornella; Bignardi, Cristina

doi:10.3390/pr9020338

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The differences at these two scales can be attributed to the presence of voids, as observed in Figure 12 . Furthermore, other studies have revealed that the mechanical properties obtained at the microscale, which are strongly influenced by the microstructural features of the material under analysis, may differ from the mechanical properties at higher scale levels [ 65 , 66 ]. The testing area for nanoindentation, as shown in Figure 13 , was characterized by the absence of defects thanks to the polishing process required for nanoindentation tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Mechanical Characterization of Polyether-2-ketone (PEKK) for Biomedical Application

Serino,

Distefano,

Zanetti

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Polyether-ether-2-ketone (PEKK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer used in various fields, from aerospace to medical applications, due to its exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. Nonetheless, the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed PEKK still deserves to be more thoroughly investigated, especially in view of its production by 3D printing, where mechanical properties measured at different scales are likely to be correlated to one another and to all play a major role in determining biomechanical properties, which include mechanical strength on one side and osteointegration ability on the other side. This work explores the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed PEKK through a multiscale approach, having performed both nanoindentation tests and standard tensile and compression tests, where a detailed view of strain distribution was achieved through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques. Furthermore, for specimens tested up to failure, their fractured surfaces were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to clearly outline fracture modes. Additionally, the internal structure of 3D-printed PEKK was explored through Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, providing a three-dimensional view of the internal structure and the presence of voids and other imperfections. Finally, surface morphology was analyzed through confocal microscopy. The multiscale approach adopted in the present work offers information about the global and local behavior of the PEKK, also assessing its material properties down to the nanoscale. Due to its novelty as a polymeric material, no previous studies have approached a multiscale analysis of 3D-printed PEKK. The findings of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of 3D-printed PEKK along with criteria for process optimization in order to customize its properties to meet specific application requirements. This research not only advances the knowledge of PEKK as a 3D-printing material but also provides insights into the multifaceted nature of multiscale material characterization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Mechanical Characterization of Polyether-2-ketone (PEKK) for Biomedical Application

Serino,

Distefano,

Zanetti

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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“…The structural analysis of skeletal body elements and of biomechanical systems consisting of a bone element coupled to a prosthesis, an implant or a fracture synthesis device, can be performed both numerically and experimentally [18]. There are many examples of clinical problems, which have moved from a qualitative assessment to a quantitative evaluation thanks to the respective modelling or to the application of classical experimental methods of structural analysis to the evaluation of the efficacy of procedures or surgical techniques or to the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of the materials used at different scales of investigation [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. Moreover, the structural analysis of medical devices and biological tissues is strictly connected with the in-vivo behavior of their interaction [93,94].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical bone screws constructive characteristics – A comparative study

Lugas¹,

Aloj²,

Santoro³

et al. 2021

Int. J. CMEM

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“…Depending on the process conditions, pyrolytic carbon coatings can have isotropic, granular, lamellar, columnar, etc., structures. Although mainly used for heart valve protection [235], pyrolytic coatings have been applied for the replacement of small joints such as knuckles, wrist joints and proximal interphalangeal joints [236].…”

Section: Carbon-based Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Multifunctional Bioactive Coatings for Metallic Bone Implants

Nikolova

Apostolova

2022

Materials

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To fix the bone in orthopedics, it is almost always necessary to use implants. Metals provide the needed physical and mechanical properties for load-bearing applications. Although widely used as biomedical materials for the replacement of hard tissue, metallic implants still confront challenges, among which the foremost is their low biocompatibility. Some of them also suffer from excessive wear, low corrosion resistance, infections and shielding stress. To address these issues, various coatings have been applied to enhance their in vitro and in vivo performance. When merged with the beneficial properties of various bio-ceramic or polymer coatings remarkable bioactive, osteogenic, antibacterial, or biodegradable composite implants can be created. In this review, bioactive and high-performance coatings for metallic bone implants are systematically reviewed and their biocompatibility is discussed. Updates in coating materials and formulations for metallic implants, as well as their production routes, have been provided. The ways of improving the bioactive coating performance by incorporating bioactive moieties such as growth factors, osteogenic factors, immunomodulatory factors, antibiotics, or other drugs that are locally released in a controlled manner have also been addressed.

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Multiscale Characterization of Isotropic Pyrolytic Carbon Used for Mechanical Heart Valve Production

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Multiscale Mechanical Characterization of Polyether-2-ketone (PEKK) for Biomedical Application

Multiscale Mechanical Characterization of Polyether-2-ketone (PEKK) for Biomedical Application

Cortical bone screws constructive characteristics – A comparative study

Advances in Multifunctional Bioactive Coatings for Metallic Bone Implants

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