“…Research challenges include developing tools that can predict the global behavior given a set of local control rules, as well as the inverse problem, in which we want to derive the local control rules, given a desired global behavior. This paradigm is relevant for many spatially distributed applications, including flocking, schooling, and formations (e.g., [92], [70], [5], [81], [105], [73], [75], [76], [8]); foraging, coverage, and search (e.g., [87], [31], [120], [34], [4], [104], [94], [106], [16], [69]); target tracking and observation (e.g., [7], [123], [65], [62], [57], [51], [111]); sorting and clumping [8], and so forth. While earlier approaches to these applications were based on human-generated local control rules that were demonstrated to work in practice, more recent work is based on control theoretic principles, with a focus on proving stability and convergence properties in multi-robot team behaviors.…”