Multiresponse Optimization and Environmental Analysis in Direct Recycling Hot Press Forging of Aluminum AA6061

Abstract

Ecological manageability in manufacturing these days is a dire and exceptional issue and the principle concerns are identified with increasingly proficient utilization of energy and materials. Recycling can save a large amount greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the case of aluminum. The parameter on the innovative technique on the direct recycling was investigated by employing design of experiments, via hot press forging process (DR-HPF). Thus, reutilizing of aluminum chips AA6061 with full factorial 32 design of experiment comprising a variety of working temperature and holding time were employed. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to outline the experiments towards evaluating the influences of the hot press forging parameters to the three responses; ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation to failure (ETF), and global warming potential (GWP). In conjunction with this, the environmental impacts associated with DR-HPF process are evaluated alongside the resultant conventional recycling (CR) by using re-melting route as indication. Experimental measurements, literature analysis and industrial data were merged to acquire the analysis of aluminum recycling life cycle. Clear conclusions were successfully drawn through the attained results on the outlook proposed by solid state direct recycling for the purpose of reducing the environmental effects by taking material and energy conservation as one of the most essential impacting factor. The global warming potential of a DR-HPF route gives a significant environmental impact where it is reduced up to 69.2% in comparison to the conventional (melting) routes.

Impact of Chromium Addition on the UTS and ETF of Aluminium Alloy AA6061 Chips Based Composite

“…This is required to homogenize the temperature throughout the mould and the mixture inside. Then a 35 tonnes uniaxial force was applied perpendicularly onto the mixture for 120 minutes [17]. The hot-pressed composite was then removed and quenched directly in the water bath at 60°C for 5 seconds, which can be denoted as T1temper.…”

Effects of Oxide Fragments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Aluminum Alloy Tube Fabricated by Thermomechanical Consolidation of Machining Chips

“…The rationale behind solid state recycling technique is based on the severe plastic deformation, introducing large shear deformation to enhance physical and metallurgical bonding. To date, an increasing number of solid-state recycling processes have been reported including ball milling, sintering [ 7 ], hot pressing [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], spark plasma sintering [ 11 ], hot extrusion [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], equal channel angular pressing [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], cycling extrusion compression [ 30 , 31 ], friction stir extrusion [ 32 , 33 ], high-pressure torsion [ 34 ], and screw extrusion [ 35 ].…”

Reliability and Mechanical Properties of Materials Recycled from Multilayer Flexible Packages

“…Aluminium is one of the most widely used materials, and the technology associated with its recycling is extensive. This makes the studies more and more specific: The direct recovery of aluminium scraps by hot-pressing forging [ 13 ], or the use of low-temperature molten salt electrolysis [ 14 ]. Although the recycling process of the aluminium by re-melting of cans and cuttings is very rentable compared with hydrometallurgical process [ 10 ], this is not so evident in the case of separation of layers of aluminium of the food packages, because it is necessary to try a great volume of wastes to procure a minimum amount of metal.…”

“…Figure13. Weibull modulus vs. chosen estimators (Fj = 1 to 4) samples type G1 and for both key properties.…”