Multiresidue determination of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol antibiotics in urban waters in China

Abstract

A feasible method has been optimized to simultaneously determine multiclass antibiotic residues, including sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol in urban riverine water and wastewater by off-line solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array ultraviolet detector and a fluorescence detector. Internal standard and standard addition methods were used in combination to identify and quantify these antibiotics to compensate for the matrix interference. The method quantification limits (MQLs) were determined to be 0.035 to 0.100 microg/L and 0.100 to 0.300 microg/L for the riverine water and wastewater, respectively. Recoveries of the investigated antibiotics ranged from 63 to 126%. Sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected antibiotic residue in Guangzhou section of the Major Pearl River, South China, with a maximum level of 0.510 microg/L. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics were relatively less detected with a maximum level of 0.459 microg/L. The maximum concentration of sulfamethoxazole reached 5.597 microg/L in the raw wastewater from a large-scale sewage treatment plant in Guangzhou city. Around 30% of sulfamethoxazole might survive the primary clarification and biotreatment processes in the sewage treatment plant. None of the investigated antibiotics have been found above MQLs in the final effluent after chlorine disinfection.

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of norfloxacin in waters using a specific polyclonal antibody

“…Raw wastewater samples were only adjusted to pH 7.4 prior to icELISA assay. Surface water, treated wastewater, and groundwater samples were concentrated using a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure that had been detailed elsewhere [17]. Briefly, 100 mL of the filtered sample was added with EDTA at 0.5 g L −1 , adjusted to pH 4.2, and loaded onto an HLB cartridge (Waters, Milliford, MA, USA) at about 5 mL min −1 .…”

“…A number of works have been conducted to determine fluoroquinolones in various environmental matrices including water, mainly based on high performance liquid chromatography (LC) sep-aration coupled to various detectors including mass spectrometry [6][7][8], tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) [9][10][11][12][13], fluorescence detection [14][15][16][17] and ultraviolet (UV) detection [18,19]. However, these technologies generally required complicated sample preparation and expensive equipment.…”

Levels, spatial distribution and sources of selected antibiotics in the East River (Dongjiang), South China

“…Considering the large consumption and the lack of effective management of antibiotics in China, especially in metropolitan areas, the occurrence and potential negative effects of antibiotics and personal care products on aquatic ecosystems and human health deserve detailed monitoring and investigation . However, to date, few data on the residues of antibiotics in aquatic environment are available from China (Minh et al, 2009;Peng et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2007Xu et al, , 2009). In these recent investigations, some antibiotics were detected in the aquatic environment in the Pearl River Delta with maximum concentration close to several µg l −1 level (Peng et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2007), and in the Yellow River and its tributaries with maximum concentration up to hundreds of ng l −1 .…”

“…However, to date, few data on the residues of antibiotics in aquatic environment are available from China (Minh et al, 2009;Peng et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2007Xu et al, , 2009). In these recent investigations, some antibiotics were detected in the aquatic environment in the Pearl River Delta with maximum concentration close to several µg l −1 level (Peng et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2007), and in the Yellow River and its tributaries with maximum concentration up to hundreds of ng l −1 . According to these studies, it is obvious that the aquatic environment in China is more heavily polluted by antibiotics compared with that of Europe and other developed countries.…”

Degradação eletroquímica do cloranfenicol em reator de fluxo

“…Por ser um antibiótico muito empregado, existe a preocupação em monitorar a presença deste medicamento em águas residuais em vários países e propor possíveis processos de tratamento para este fármaco, antes descartar a água residuária na natureza. 1,[3][4][5][6] O grande consumo dos medicamentos contendo cloranfenicol, sua diversificada forma de apresentação e sua variada fonte de geração de resíduos dentro da indústria, torna o estudo da degradação desse composto ativo e o consequente tratamento das águas residuárias da industria farmacêutica de grande importância, devido ao impacto que esses compostos biologicamente ativos causam no meio ambiente. Para o controle desses compostos ativos existentes nos despejos da indústria farmacêutica, existem vários processos de tratamento de efluentes aquosos que podem ser utilizados, como o tratamento químico e a incineração do efluente.…”