Multiproxy climate reconstructions for the Eemian and Early Weichselian

Vegetation and climate changes during the Eemian interglacial in Central and Eastern Europe: comparative analysis of pollen data

“…The composition of pollen assemblages in the lower part of the Klinge profile (LPAZ 1), and of previously published sections in East Germany and Poland (e.g. Kittlitz: Erd 1960a; Gröbern: Aalsberg & Litt 1998;Imbramowice: Mamakowa 1989;Zbytki: Kuszell 1997), shows that pine forest dominated in the earlier part of this period. Birch forest and herb communities (with Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae) then expanded over the area (LPAZ 1b in the Klinge section).…”

“…BOREAS 34 (2005) while winter temperatures did not drop below 0 C anywhere. Our climatic reconstructions are in good agreement with the findings of other studies of the Eemian interglacial (Velichko et al 1991;Zagwijn 1996;Aalsberg & Litt 1998). …”

Vegetation and environmental changes during the last interglacial in eastern Anatolia (Turkey): a new high-resolution pollen record from Lake Van

“…The last interglacial has been intensively studied from locations in northern and southern Europe (Aalbersberg and Litt, 1998;Frogley et al, 1999;Sánchez Goñi et al, 1999, 2005Tzedakis, 2000;Klotz et al, 2003;Kühl and Litt, 2003;Müller et al, 2003Müller et al, , 2011Tzedakis et al, 2006;Brauer et al, 2007;Djamali et al, 2008;Allen and Huntley, 2009;Milner et al, 2013), providing insights into climate patterns that corroborate global variability. Based on continental and marine deposits, the LI is traditionally defined as a period of climatic amelioration that is generally as warm or warmer than today (Jessen and Milthers, 1928;Fairbridge, 1972;Kukla et al, 2002;NGRIP, 2004;Rohling et al, 2008).…”

High-resolution record of climate stability in France during the last interglacial period

“…But whereas Holocene climate has been essentially stable in Europe, variability in climate during the last interglacial period has remained unresolved, because climate reconstructions from ice cores 1,2 , continental records 3,4 and marine sediment cores 5,6 give con¯icting results for this period 7 . Here we present a highresolution multi-proxy lacustrine record of climate change during the last interglacial period, based on oxygen isotopes in diatom silica, diatom assemblages and pollen±climate transfer functions from the Ribains maar in France.…”