Multiprocess Laser Lifting‐Off for Nanostructured Semiconductive Hydrogels

Abstract

Semiconductive hydrogels denote a strategically valuable platform associated with interdiscipline fields by double advantages of metals and organisms (eco‐friendliness, structural flexibility, mixed conduction, real‐time responsiveness, scalable fabrication, and chemical stability). Nevertheless, the orthodox chemical/physical methods processing hydrogels yield planar‐like layers or rough structures without ultrafine feature size or manipulative performance, falling short of µ‐robotics, µ‐electronics, or n‐energy industries. Thereby, scaling the device's volume down and unleashing material's potential become crucially important for broadband applications. A femtosecond laser lifting‐off technique is synthesized with self‐assembly to break conventional volume/resolution limitation, enlarge the geometry‐design capacity, and desirable electricity conduction for micro/nanosituations. Low‐dimensional high‐performance nanowires, electric circuits, ultrathin interdigital capacitors, manipulative photon filters, and metasurfaces are functionalized here. The repeated experiment concludes a high‐density integration ability with a subminiature size down to 10 × 10 × 0.02 µm3, tunable electric conductivity up to 1.17 × 105 S m−1, and areal capacitance >16.2 mF cm−2 for energy storage higher than those electrochemical double‐layer ones. Large geometry capacity with nanometric resolution provides access to future‐perspective optoelectronic products, n‐energy, bioneural recordings, or interfaces of embedding conditions.

Amorphous mesoporous carbon nanomaterials converted from waste paper via nanosecond laser photochemical synthesis

“…We establish a typical fiber-type 1064 nm wavelength nanosecond laser system on the principle of typical laser direct-writing [11,12] to ablate [13] the paper surface following pre-designed patterns. The stepwise carbonization process containing dehydration, nucleation, and is getting digitally adjustable and is quickly finished.…”

Four-Dimensional Micro/Nanorobots via Laser Photochemical Synthesis towards the Molecular Scale

“…Many studies have successfully proved several stimuli-responsive smart materials for micro/nano 4D printing [ 25 , 33 , 37 , 38 ] ( Figure 2 b). Hydrogel [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] is a typical kind of functional material with a crosslinking three-dimensional network [ 18 ], and it is hydrophilic and insoluble in solvents. Especially, our recent work report an amphiphilic hydrogel containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups [ 12 ], making the micro/nano 4D products respond to various stimuli rather than simple humidity.…”

Transferable Ga2O3 Membrane for Vertical and Flexible Electronics via One-Step Exfoliation

“…To exfoliate the 3D epitaxial membrane from the 3D substrate (so-called 3D/3D exfoliation), methods including laser-induced liftoff − and substrate removal (wet etching , and dry etching , ) have been used. However, these techniques suffer from either high cost, complexity, or low efficiency.…”