Multiplier-Phototube Development Program at RCA-Lancaster

Engstrom, R. W.; Matheson, R.M.

doi:10.1109/tns2.1960.4315736

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Use of the standard dynode chain and the recommended interdynode potentials, required for proper electron optics, would have led, at our high light intensity levels, to a situation where the anode current would have vastly exceeded 10% of the dynode current. Above that level it is generally accepted that PMT performance is degraded, resulting in a loss of linearity and optical response, i.e., a lower apparent absorption …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate Coefficient Measurements of the Reaction CH₃ + O₂ = CH₃O + O

et al. 1999

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Rate coefficients for the reaction CH3 + O2 = CH3O + O were measured behind reflected shock waves in a series of lean CH4−O2−Ar mixtures using hydroxyl and methyl radical diagnostics. The rate coefficients are well represented by an Arrhenius expression given as k = (1.6 ) × 1013 exp(−15813 ± 587 K/T) cm3 mol-1 s-1. This expression, which is valid in the temperature range 1575−1822 K, supports the downward trend in the rate coefficients that has been reported in recent determinations. All measurements to date, including the present study, have been to some extent affected by secondary reactions. The complications due to secondary reactions, choice of thermochemical data, and shock−boundary layer interactions that affect the determination of the rate coefficients are examined.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate Coefficient Measurements of the Reaction CH₃ + O₂ = CH₃O + O

et al. 1999

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“…Signals from scattered laser light and two background readings (one simultaneous with and combined with the scattered light; the other at close later time), are recorded for each detector channel. The light detection process follows Poisson statistics [8,9]. The number of detected photoelectrons has a probability law (probability density function) of the form p(x, µ) = µ x e −µ /x!…”

Section: Signal Formation From Poisson Distributions Of Thomson Scatt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical characteristics of Thomson scattering data

Mcneill¹

2019

J. Inst.

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Thomson scattering is used to measure the electron temperature of plasmas. It is essentially a counting experiment. The distribution of detected photons (photoelectrons) in a number of channels yields an estimate of the scattered light spectrum and, thereby, of the plasma electron temperature and density. Repeated measurements at fixed plasma parameters yield a range of values of the measured electron temperature. The spread in these values is typically broader toward high temperatures and the peak (mode) of the temperature density function is lower than the nominal plasma temperature, while the mean is higher. This spread is intrinsic to these measurements, as actual data samples and simulations show. Here a two-channel analytic model of the distribution of temperature readings from non-relativistic, thermal plasmas is used to obtain an intuitive picture of the significance of data from this means of measurement. The model is applied to data from three experiments with electron densities ranging from 5 • 10 17 m −3 to 7 • 10 22 m −3 , with similar temperatures in widely different profiles of the probability density function. The model is consistent with observed scattered and background light and can, for example, help identify artifacts of diagnostic response, such as apparent high temperatures, and, supplemented by data from additional detector channels, deviations from a thermal electron population, electron drift, and relativistic effects. This is a chance to look in a modern way at some metrological features of this well-established measurement technique. K: Analysis and statistical methods; Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc); Plasma diagnostics -interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging

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“…Signal Uncertainty. The standard deviation in the anode pulse due to photon statistics and PM contributions (11) is given by =(1 -1/(5 -1 ) 2…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences between molecular environments can be distinguished on the basis of chemical shifts whereas quantitative estimations can be calculated from relative measurements of signal integrals. Regarding functions of interest the wide observed chemical shift range (12 ppm) in 29Si NMR of Me3Si derivatives relative to the one observed (2 ppm) in 19F NMR of TFA derivatives provides a good distinction between different environments (4,11,14,19). For this reason Me3Si derivatives give the most qualitative information.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%