Evaluation of the graphite spark technique using time resolution

Williams, James C.; Kuehn, Jeffery E.; Coleman, Jerry T.; Mausert, Teresa A.

doi:10.1021/ac00278a025

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…Typical detection limits for the analysis of solids using spark emission spectroscopy range from a few ppm to a few 100 ppb; in terms of absolute mass, subnanogram detection limits have been reported. [23][24][25][26] Spark spectroscopy has also been applied to analysis of airborne particles with limited success. Hunter et al used an electrode system to create spark plasma in the inter-electrode space where the aerosol sample passed through, which allowed on-the-fly emission detection and quantification, albeit with poor limits of detection (in the range 10-1200 mg m À3 ) and sampling statistics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of elemental concentration of aerosols using spark emission spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

2012

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A coaxial microelectrode system has been used to collect and analyse the elemental composition of aerosol particles in near real-time using spark emission spectroscopy. The technique involves focused electrostatic deposition of charged aerosol particles onto the flat tip of a microelectrode, followed by introduction of spark discharge. A pulsed spark discharge was generated across the electrodes with input energy ranging from 50 to 300 mJ per pulse, resulting in the formation of controlled pulsed plasma. The particulate matter on the cathode tip is ablated and atomized by the spark plasma, resulting in atomic emissions which are subsequently recorded using a broadband optical spectrometer for element identification and quantification. The plasma characteristics were found to be very consistent and reproducible even after several thousands of spark discharges using the same electrode system. The spark plasma was characterized by measuring the excitation temperature (~7000 to 10 000 K), electron density (~10 16 cm −3 ), and evolution of spectral responses as a function of time. The system was calibrated using particles containing Pb, Si, Na and Cr. Absolute mass detection limits in the range 11 pg to 1.75 ng were obtained. Repeatability of spectral measurements varied from 2 to 15%. The technique offers key advantages over similar microplasma-based techniques such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, as: (i) it does not require any laser beam optics and eliminates any need for beam alignment, (ii) pulse energy from dc power supply in SIBS system can be much higher compared to that from laser source of the same physical size, and (iii) it is quite conducive to compact, field-portable instrumentation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of elemental concentration of aerosols using spark emission spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

2012

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Dual Emission Source and Direct-Reading Spectrometer for Microsamples Using Hollow Cathode Or Spark Excitation

Williams¹,

McDonald²,

Davis³

1987

Instrumentation Science & Technology

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Evaluation of the Time-Resolved Spark for the Determination of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium in Microsamples

McDonald

Williams

1989

Appl Spectrosc

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This paper describes the evaluation of a time-resolved graphite spark source emission spectrometer built for the purpose of determining Ca, Na, and K in nanoliter volume samples of renal fluid. Subnanogram detection limits calculated from the working curve slope and the uncertainty of the sample signal are reported for Ca, Na and K; these detection limits are some three orders of magnitude higher than the shot noise limit. With the use of Li as an internal standard, working curves from 0 to 1 ng of Na, K, and Ca are shown. System performance data are given, and the utility of the analysis is discussed.

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Evaluation of the graphite spark technique using time resolution

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Measurement of elemental concentration of aerosols using spark emission spectroscopy

Measurement of elemental concentration of aerosols using spark emission spectroscopy

Dual Emission Source and Direct-Reading Spectrometer for Microsamples Using Hollow Cathode Or Spark Excitation

Evaluation of the Time-Resolved Spark for the Determination of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium in Microsamples

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