Multiplication végétative de l'Acer saccharum: contribution à la micropropagation

Abstract

Pour la première fois, toutes les étapes de la micropropagation de l'érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) ont été complétées avec succès. Les bourgeons de plus de 200 plants d'érable à sucre âgés de 2 ans ont été débarrassés de leurs écailles et mis en culture sur un milieu contenant les sels de Murashige et Skoog ainsi que les éléments organiques de Bourgin et Nitsch, tous dilués au tiers, avec ou sans régulateur de croissance. Le taux de survie des explants en fin d'induction a été supérieur sur un milieu sans régulateur de croissance. La formation de tigelles et la multiplication ont été accomplies sur les mêmes milieux additionnés de 0,01 ou 0,025 mg·L -1 de thidiazuron ainsi que du 6-(γ γ , -diméthylallylamino)purine, du 6-(γ γ , -diméthylallylamino)purine riboside ou de l'acide phénylacétique (APA). Les tigelles se sont allongées sur des milieux contenant 0,3 mg·L -1 d'APA et l'induction racinaire a été réalisée sur des milieux contenant 0,3 mg·L -1 d'APA en présence d'acide naphtalène-acétique. Quelques tigelles se sont enracinées lorsque transférées dans de la vermiculite. Bien que le taux de réussite soit faible, des tiges enracinées ont été produites par la multiplication de bourgeons.Abstract: For the first time, all stages required for the micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) have been successfully completed. Buds of more than 200 seedlings of two-year-old sugar maple trees were stripped of their scales and cultured on media containing Murashige and Skoog salts with Bourgin and Nitsch organic elements, all diluted to 33%, with or without growth regulator. Survival rate after induction was higher in media without growth regulator. Stem formation and multiplication succeeded in media of the same composition but containing 0.01 or 0.025 mg·L -1 thidiazuron, as well as 6-(γ γ , -dimethylallylamino)purine, 6-(γ γ , -dimethylallylamino)purine riboside, or phenylacetic acid (PAA). Stem elongation took place in media with 0.3 mg·L -1 PAA. Root induction was achieved in media containing 0.3 mg·L -1 PAA with naphthaleneacetic acid. A few shoots rooted when transferred into vermiculite. Although the overall rate of success is still low, rooted shoots were produced by bud multiplication.Brassard et al. 690

In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

“…Although TDZ has been shown to increase shoot production, many other reports have demonstrated that TDZ does not benefit or hinders shoot production and elongation (Yusnita et al 1990;Lu 1993;Kartsonas and Papafotiou 2007). In contrast, TDZ either alone or in combination with other plant growth regulators was successfully used for in vitro propagation of Acer and Fraxinus species (Kim et al 1997;Brassard et al 2003).…”

In Vitro Micropropagation of Jatropha curcas L. from Bud Aggregates

“…The development of axillary nodes from explants was also performed on MS medium containing 4.90 M IBA and 13.31 M of BA [22]. Citric acid has been recognized as a very efficient anti-oxidant compound in in vitro culture [23,24]. It prevents the production of polyphenols which often hinder organogenesis and cause explant necrosis.…”

In vitro propagation of Acer grandidentatum Nutt.

“…Similarly, thidiazuron (TDZ) was used singly or combined with other PGRs to successfully micropropagate the hard maple, sugar maple (Brassard et al, 2003). In this study, we placed explants on DKW media containing TDZ at 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 μM.…”

“…Micropropagation of field-grown woody plants can be difficult because of contamination and exudates from cut woody stems (Brassard et al, 2003;Kerns and Meyer, 1986;Padilla and Encina, 2004;Preece, 1991). Foliar pubescence of bigtooth maple makes tissue culture sterilization potentially difficult because surface disinfestation solutions may not fully coat the abaxial leaf epidermis (Barker, 1974).…”