Multiple toxins produced by some organisms of the Cl. welchii group

Abstract

ALTHOUGH a n appreciable amount of research has been directed towards the study of the Cl. zvelchii group, the problem of the protection afforded by some antitoxic sera against certain toxins of other members of t h e group has not yet been adequately explained. I n 1928 Dalling (wide Mason Ross and Dalling 1931) stated that lamb dysentery antitoxic sera neutralised the toxin of Cl. welchii, but that the reverse did not hold good. Weinberg and Ginsbourg (1927) found however that perfringens (GI. welchii) antitoxic serum protected against the organism isolated by Dalling, the lamb dysentery bacillus-now termed Cl. welchii (type agni). In 1930 McEwen described a new strain of GI. welchii isolated from sheep and named it " B . paludis" : he stated that paludis anti-serum was not capable of neutralising the toxin of C1. welchii. Mason Ross and Dalling (1931) found however that " B . paludis antitoxin and lamb dysentery antitoxin neutralised the toxins of CZ. welchii, B. paludis and the lamb dysentery bacillus." The results of some of * A. T. Glenny and M. Barr are responsible for the planning and arrangement of the work and for the preparation of the antitoxins, M. Llewellyn-Jones for the majority of the animal tests and T. Dalling and H. Ross for the purity of the cultures and the preparation of the toxins.

Large scale purification of Clostridium perfringens toxins: a review

“…perfringens type C and some by type B, produce δ-toxin, which is one of the three extracellular hemolytic toxins that can be released, along with many other exotoxins and exoenzymes (Brooks, Stern, Warrack, 1957;Glenny et al, 1933;Oakley, Warrack, 1953;Orlans, Jones, 1958;Smith, 1979;Sterne, Warrack, 1964).…”

Effect of Carbohydrates and Control of Culture pH on Beta Toxin Production by Clostridium perfringens Type C

“…As early as 1933 Glenny et al (2) reported that beta toxin was produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and C. This toxin was lethal, nonhemolytic, and elicited purplish, localized dermonecrosis following intracutaneous injection of depilated guinea pigs.…”

Distribution of Urease in Clostridium perfringens Types

“…Clostridium perfringens has been subdivided into six types : A to E distinguished by the production of one or more of the major lethal toxins a, p, 8 and L ; and F, which on the basis of toxin production would be included in type C, distinguished mainly by heat resistance, large cell size and epidemiology (Wilsdon, 1931 ;Glenny et al 1933 Zeissler & Rassfeld-Sternberg, 1949). Each of these types, including F, is further characterized by the production of a number of minor antigens, enzymic in nature, and distinguished by their effects on appropriate substrates and by the neutralization of these effects by the corresponding type antisera.…”