Multiple sources of attentional dysfunction in adults with Tourette's syndrome: Comparison with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Silverstein, Steven M.; Como, Peter; Palumbo, Donna; West, Laura L.; Osborn, Leah M.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.9.2.157

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This demonstrates that sustained visual attention involving perceptual tracking, sequencing, and the ability to divide attention are intact in both patient groups. Finally, the performance on the Stroop interference, despite a small trend toward lower scores in the clinical groups, revealed normal ability to inhibit cognitive interference between two incongruent dimensions (i.e., colour and word), which is consistent with earlier studies with TS children (Channon, Pratt, & Robertson, 2003;Ozonoff & Jensen, 1999) and adults (Channon et al, 1992;Silverstein, Como, Palumbo, West, & Osborn, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Memory and executive functions in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder

Lavoie

Thibault

Stip

et al. 2007

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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Introduction-The main aim of the current study was to assess whether adults with either Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorder (CTD) show a similar neuropsychological profile. Neuropsychological investigations of tic disorders have been mostly focused on children, mainly because symptoms peak during that period. Little has been carried out on adults, even if a significant proportion of the tic population experience moderate or marked levels of tic frequency throughout adulthood. Still, it is not clear whether neuropsychological performances are affected to the same degree in adults with TS and CTD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Memory and executive functions in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder

Lavoie

Thibault

Stip

et al. 2007

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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“…Another study [47] reported significant deficits on both the TMT and the Speech Sounds Perception Test (SSPT) compared to normative data, but almost half of the children and adolescents tested exhibited ADHD in addition to TS. Silverstein et al [48] found no evidence that TS patients without ADHD were worse on the TMT in comparison to controls, but showed that this comorbid disorder had a detrimental effect on performance. Other studies have failed to find evidence of attentional deficits in TS [42,49] even in patients with comorbid ADHD [50].…”

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuropsychological aspects of Tourette syndrome: A review

Eddy

Rizzo

Cavanna

2009

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

109

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“…Additionally, 17 ADHD studies were used to examine what the use of different methods, that is, I R , I DT , and I DN , to quantify interference in the Stroop implies for the interpretation of real data (2 time studies were excluded because they did not describe the Stroop test in sufficient detail to transform the data into number of items in 45 s: Carlson et al, 1986, andSilverstein, Como, Palumbo, West, &Osborn, 1995). I DN is defined as the difference between the color and color-word score based on number of items in 45 s, I DT is the difference between the color and color-word score based on reaction time for each item.…”

Section: Consistency Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and meta-analysis.

Lansbergen¹,

Kenemans²,

Engeland³

2007

Neuropsychology

257

184

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Previous reviews and meta-analyses that addressed abnormal Stroop interference in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded mixed results. The authors of the present study argue that the inconsistencies may reflect the problematic nature of 2 frequently used methods to quantify Stroop interference-the difference score and Golden's method (C. J. Golden, 1978). Golden's method correction for base-word reading is inadequate, and the difference score is sensitive to the nature of the outcome variable. The latter can be remedied with a ratio score. Contrasting previous meta-analyses, this meta-analysis covers all age groups and all Stroop test variants, and it excludes studies using the Golden quantification method. Mean effect sizes for interference in ADHD as quantified by difference scores relative to control scores were 0.24 across all studies but 1.11 for time-per-item studies; outcome variable was a significant moderator variable, reflecting the sensitivity of the difference score to this variable. Consistency analysis of ratio scores across 19 studies reveals more interference for the ADHD groups relative to the control groups. It is concluded that interference control is consistently compromised in individuals with ADHD.Keywords: meta-analysis, Stroop interference, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Stroop color and word task Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined by inappropriate degrees of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Barkley (1997) suggested that behavioral disinhibition is the primary deficit in ADHD (predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type and combined type) and distinguished three interrelated forms of behavioral inhibition. The first form is inhibition of an initial prepotent response to an event, that is, a response for which immediate reinforcement is available or with which reinforcement has been previously associated. The second form is stopping an ongoing response or response pattern. This causes a delay in the decision to respond or to continue responding. The third form is interference control, defined as protecting the period of delay and self-directed responses that occur within it from disruption by competing events and responses.Continuous performance tests (CPTs) and stop-signal tasks can be used to assess both inhibition of prepotent responses and stopping of ongoing responses. Several reviews and meta-analyses (Corkum & Siegel, 1993;Lijffijt, Kenemans, Verbaten, & van Engeland, 2005;Losier, McGrath, & Klein, 1996;Oosterlaan, Logan, & Sergeant, 1998;Riccio, Reynolds, & Lowe, 2001) demonstrated that individuals with ADHD perform worse on a CPT and stop-signal task as compared with normal control participants, reflecting poor response inhibition in ADHD patients. The Stroop test (Stroop, 1935) can be used to quantify interference control. Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding deficient interference control in ADHD. Stroop Test and ADHDThree versions of the Stroop test have been used in ADHD research: the standard Stroop ...

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Multiple sources of attentional dysfunction in adults with Tourette's syndrome: Comparison with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Memory and executive functions in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder

Memory and executive functions in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder

Neuropsychological aspects of Tourette syndrome: A review

Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and meta-analysis.

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