1958
DOI: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1958.02340120003001
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Multiple Sclerosis in Twins and Their Relatives

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Cited by 37 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…The more recent observation in 1948 by Elvin Kabat of increases in oligoclonal immunoglobulin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MS provided further evidence of an inflammatory nature to the disease (4,5). In the past half-century, several large population-based MS twin studies demonstrated a strong genetic basis to this clinical-pathologic entity (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Lastly, the demonstration of an autoimmune, at times demyelinating, disease in mammals with immunization of CNS myelin (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, or EAE), first made by Thomas Rivers at the Rockefeller Institute in 1933 with the repeated injection of rabbit brain and spinal cord into primates (14), has led to the generally accepted hypothesis that MS is secondary to an autoimmune response to self-antigens in a genetically susceptible host (see box, What we know about MS).…”
Section: Historical Perspectivementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The more recent observation in 1948 by Elvin Kabat of increases in oligoclonal immunoglobulin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MS provided further evidence of an inflammatory nature to the disease (4,5). In the past half-century, several large population-based MS twin studies demonstrated a strong genetic basis to this clinical-pathologic entity (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Lastly, the demonstration of an autoimmune, at times demyelinating, disease in mammals with immunization of CNS myelin (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, or EAE), first made by Thomas Rivers at the Rockefeller Institute in 1933 with the repeated injection of rabbit brain and spinal cord into primates (14), has led to the generally accepted hypothesis that MS is secondary to an autoimmune response to self-antigens in a genetically susceptible host (see box, What we know about MS).…”
Section: Historical Perspectivementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several observations have indicated that genetic factors play an important role in predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS).1 Concordance is higher in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, and the disease is -20 times more frequent among relatives of probands than in the general population (1). Several studies have shown that human leukocyte antigens (HLA) A3, B7, Dw2, and DRw2 are present significantly more often in MS patients than in normal individuals (2).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Por exemplo, os próprios autores afirmam que, por questões técnicas, não foi possível fazer a análise de DNA para testar a zigosidade em todos os pares de gêmeos da amostra, restringindo-se a informações dadas pelos pacientes e que, após os resultados da ressonância magnética entre os membros não afetados clinicamente, constatou-se que vários apresentavam sinais indicativos da EM 7 . Da mesma forma, os outros autores 10 afirmaram ter inicialmente determinado a zigosidade baseada em grupos sangüíneos e, depois, reclassificaram os pares de gêmeos MZ e DZ baseados em outros critérios (análise de DNA e características físicas). Além disto os critérios de diagnóstico foram estabelecidos por um dos autores, que subdividiu os pares de gêmeos em quatro categorias: 1) definido, inteiramente concordante; 2) provável, inteiramente concordante; 3) definido, possivelmente concordante; 4) definido, discordante.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified