Multiple sclerosis as a model to investigate <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 effect on brain atrophy

Rebsamen, Michael; Friedli, Christoph; Radojewski, Piotr; Diem, Lara; Chan, Andrew; Wiest, Roland; Salmen, Anke; Rummel, Christian; Hoepner, Robert

doi:10.1111/cns.14050

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…25,26 The thickness of the left precuneus and right lateral occipital were reduced during the post-Omicron follow-up compared with pre-Omicron measurements. However, previous follow-up studies [27][28][29] have shown cortical thickness decreases in areas associated with primary olfactory cortex function during acute, subacute, and 3-month periods after infection with Delta. This may be related to the differences in the mechanism of invasion into the nervous system, neuroinvasiveness, and neurotropism of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 30,31 ; therefore, the damaged brain areas and neurotoxic effects may also differ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gray Matter Thickness and Subcortical Nuclear Volume in Men After SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection

Du,

Zhao,

Huang

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe clinical manifestations and effects on the brain of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in the acute postinfection phase remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms and changes to gray matter and subcortical nuclei among male patients after Omicron infection and to provide an imaging basis for early detection and intervention.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, a total of 207 men underwent health screening magnetic resonance imaging scans between August 28 and September 18, 2022; among them, 98 provided complete imaging and neuropsychiatric data. Sixty-one participants with Omicron infection were reevaluated after infection (January 6 to 14, 2023). Neuropsychiatric data, clinical symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in the acute post-Omicron period, and their clinical symptoms were followed up after 3 months. Gray matter indexes and subcortical nuclear volumes were analyzed. Associations between changes in gray matter and neuropsychiatric data were evaluated with correlation analyses.ExposuresGray matter thickness and subcortical nuclear volume change data were compared before and after Omicron infection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe gray matter indexes and subcutaneous nuclear volume were generated from the 3-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and were calculated with imaging software.ResultsNinety-eight men underwent complete baseline data collection; of these, 61 (mean [SD] age, 43.1 [9.9] years) voluntarily enrolled in post-Omicron follow-up and 17 (mean [SD] age, 43.5 [10.0] years) voluntarily enrolled in 3-month follow-up. Compared with pre-Omicron measures, Beck Anxiety Inventory scores were significantly increased (median, 4.50 [IQR, 1.00-7.00] to 4.00 [IQR, 2.00-9.75]; P = .006) and depressive distress scores were significantly decreased (median, 18.00 [IQR, 16.00-20.22] to 16.00 [IQR, 15.00-19.00]; P = .003) at the acute post-Omicron follow-up. Fever, headache, fatigue, myalgia, cough, and dyspnea were the main symptoms during the post-Omicron follow-up; among the participants in the 3-month follow-up, fever (11 [64.7%] vs 2 [11.8%]; P = .01), myalgia (10 [58.8%] vs 3 (17.6%]; P = .04), and cough (12 [70.6%] vs 4 [23.5%]; P = .02) were significantly improved. The gray matter thickness in the left precuneus (mean [SD], 2.7 [0.3] to 2.6 [0.2] mm; P &lt; .001) and right lateral occipital region (mean [SD], 2.8 [0.2] to 2.7 [0.2] and 2.5 [0.2] to 2.5 [0.2] mm; P &lt; .001 for both) and the ratio of the right hippocampus volume to the total intracranial volume (mean [SD]. 0.003 [0.0003] to 0.003 [0.0002]; P = .04) were significantly reduced in the post-Omicron follow-up. The febrile group had reduced sulcus depth of the right inferior parietal region compared with the nonfebrile group (mean [SD], 3.9 [2.3] to 4.8 [1.1]; P = .048. In the post-Omicron period, the thickness of the left precuneus was negatively correlated with the Beck Anxiety Inventory scores (r = −0.39; P = .002; false discovery rate P = .02), and the ratio of the right hippocampus to the total intracranial volume was positively correlated with the Word Fluency Test scores (r = 0.34; P = .007).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of male patients infected with the Omicron variant, the duration of symptoms in multiple systems after infection was short. Changes in gray matter thickness and subcortical nuclear volume injury were observed in the post-Omicron period. These findings provide new insights into the emotional and cognitive mechanisms of an Omicron infection, demonstrate its association with alterations to the nervous system, and verify an imaging basis for early detection and intervention of neurological sequelae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gray Matter Thickness and Subcortical Nuclear Volume in Men After SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection

Du,

Zhao,

Huang

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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Multiple sclerosis as a model to investigate SARS‐CoV‐2 effect on brain atrophy

et al. 2022

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Data on potential brain atrophy after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains sparse and controversial. The until now largest study analyzing the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank data revealed changes in brain structure after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and regional atrophy patterns that differed from those of matched controls with no SARS-CoV-2 infection. 1 In the group of 401 participants who tested positive for infection with SARS-CoV-2 between two magnetic resonance imaging

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