Multiple Scattering Calculations for Technology

Mudgett, P.S; Richards, L.W.

doi:10.1364/ao.10.001485

Cited by 266 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These solutions are based on a very simpli ed model of light traveling in an in nitely thick layer of material in two directions only, contrary to each other (Mudgett and Richards 1971). This simpli cation yields the Kubelka-Munk function…”

Section: Determination Of Scattering and Absorption Coef Cientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Empirical Method for the Determination of the Complex Refractive Index of Size-Fractionated Atmospheric Aerosols for Radiative Transfer Calculations

Marley¹,

Gaffney²,

Baird³

et al. 2001

Aerosol Science and Technology

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To adequately assess the effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate, their optical constants (scattering and absorption coef cients) must be known. The absorption and scattering coef cients of the aerosols are derived from the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index and are dependent on their size and chemical composition. Because aerosol properties vary signi cantly with location, it is dif cult to assign values for the absorption and scattering of solar radiation by aerosols in models of global climate change. This study reports a new method of collecting size-fractionated atmospheric aerosol samples for the purpose of directly measuring their transmission and re ectance spectra followed by the determination of the complex refractive index across the entire atmospherically relevant spectral range. The samples were collected with a modi ed Sierra high-volume cascade impactor with the usual lter collection surfaces replaced with Te on sheets machined to hold quartz (ultraviolet [UV]/visible transparent) and/or silver chloride (infrared transparent) sample collection plates. Re ectance and transmission spectra can be obtained on the aerosol samples directly as a function of wavelength, from 280 nm to 2.5 m, with an integrating sphere coupled to an UV/visible or a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The effective real and imaginary components of the refractive index of the bulk sample material can then be approximated, as a function of wavelength, from the sample spectra. Preliminary results are presented for carbon soot samples generated in the laboratory and for standard diesel soot samples in the UV/visible spectral range. These are compared to results obtained for size-fractionated atmospheric aerosol samples collected near Pasco, WA, West Mesa, AZ, and Argonne, IL.

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Section: Determination Of Scattering and Absorption Coef Cientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…solutions have been proposed which also lead to empirical expressions for the scattering and absorption coef cients (Mudgett and Richards 1971;Kuhn et al 1993). A comparison of these expressions with the Kubelka-Munk function has lead to the following relationship:…”

Section: Determination Of Scattering and Absorption Coef Cientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Method for the Determination of the Complex Refractive Index of Size-Fractionated Atmospheric Aerosols for Radiative Transfer Calculations

Marley¹,

Gaffney²,

Baird³

et al. 2001

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…− The N-fluxes method [68], which allows converting the integrodifferential equation (94) into a differential equation system thanks to an angular discretization. Solutions are obtained for azimuthally isotropic media, the discretization being performed only according to the zenithal angle [69]; the simplest particular case is the two-flux Kubelka-Munk model [70,71].…”

Section: The Radiative Transfer Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ( ) R θ and ( ) T θ are given in equation (63) or, if polarization is ignored, in equation (68).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Optics and Radiometry for Color Reproduction

Hébert

Hersch

Emmel³

2014

Handbook of Digital Imaging

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Visual appearance of objects comes from the interpretation by the human visual system of a light signal issued from the objects. Describing or predicting appearance is therefore a question of light and requires notions about light propagation and measurement. In this paper, we introduce basic laws of optics, the science of light, and radiometry, the science of light measurement, in the context of colored surfaces. We address light spectrum and illuminants, polarization, notions of reflectance and transmittance based on radiometric definitions, gloss, absorption, scattering, fluorescence and models for light reflection and transmission by flat and rough surfaces, by slabs of nonscattering media and diffusing layers. Throughout the paper, we present the most current methods to assess the different physical quantities by measurement.

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“…Simple macroscopic models for radiation transport in scattering media also exist [Ishimaru 1978, Zeldovich 1967. The following two-flux model, for example, is extensively employed in industry and provides a good description of experiments [Mudgett 1971]. …”

Section: Connection With Macroscopic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Penetration in Aerospace Composite Materials Using Near-Infrared Laser Radiation

Wu¹,

Boley²,

Florando³

et al. 2012

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Previous work on lethality against composite material targets considered only surface deposition of laser energy, with lethality achieved via target penetration or material removal by ply separation, delamination, and blow-off in high-speed airflow. To produce lethal effect in a militarily relevant timescale, typically on the order of seconds, requires laser irradiance in the range of ten to a few hundred kilowatts per cm 2 . This Feasibility Study discovers that volume heating, either by direct in-depth absorption of laser energy, for example in near-infrared (IR) laser irradiation of translucent fiberglass composite, or by rapid conduction of surface-deposited energy as in the case of opaque carbon composite, can induce failure under load in seconds by softening the resin matrix at irradiance less than 100 W/cm 2 -one to three orders of magnitude lower than the intensity required to produce lethal effect by target penetration or material removal.

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Multiple Scattering Calculations for Technology

Cited by 266 publications

References 17 publications

An Empirical Method for the Determination of the Complex Refractive Index of Size-Fractionated Atmospheric Aerosols for Radiative Transfer Calculations

An Empirical Method for the Determination of the Complex Refractive Index of Size-Fractionated Atmospheric Aerosols for Radiative Transfer Calculations

Fundamentals of Optics and Radiometry for Color Reproduction

Deep Penetration in Aerospace Composite Materials Using Near-Infrared Laser Radiation

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