Multiple resistances of gastrointestinal nematodes to anthelmintic groups in cattle of semiarid of Paraíba, Brazil

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to test the main anthelmintic drugs, such as Avermectins, Benzimidazoles, Imidazothiazoles, Tetrahydropyrimidines and Salicylanilides, used for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in bovines on cattle ranches in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. This study involved 40 animals per ranch, making a total of 200 animals of mixed breeds, varying in age from 12 to 36 months, with eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) >500. The anthelmintics were administered to the animals on day zero in a single dose, following the manufacturers' instructions. To determine the Fecal Egg-Count Reduction Test (RFEG), fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum on day zero and fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment. Among the various tested drugs, only Doramectin exhibited efficient performance (95.5%), surpassing that of ivermectin (81.5%). The results achieved with the other drugs were considered insufficient, since their efficiency was lower than 80%. The highest parasitic load was presented by the genus Haemonchus spp., with an average of 87%±0.06 on day zero and 90±0.04% after 14 days.Palavras-chave: Anthelmintic resistance, nematode, bovine, Haemonchus Múltiplas resistências de nematóides gastrintestinais aos grupos de antihelmínticos em bovinos do Semiárido da Paraíba, BrasilResumo Objetivo da pesquisa foi testar os principais anti-helmínticos utilizados para o controle de nematóides gastrintestinais de bovinos como as avermectinas, benzimidazóis, imidozotiazóis, tetrahidropirimidinas e, salicilanilidas em fazendas produtivas da mesorregião sertaneja do estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados 40 bovinos por propriedade, totalizando 200 animais, com idades variando entre 12 e 36 meses, sem padrão racial definido, com OPG > 500. Os anti-helmínticos foram administrados aos animais no dia zero, em dose única, de acordo com a dosagem pré-estabelecida pelos fabricantes. Para a determinação da Redução da Contagem de Ovos Fecais (RCOF), amostras de fezes foram coletadas diretamente da ampola retal dos animais no dia zero e quatorze dias após o início do experimento. Dentre as drogas testadas, apenas a doramectina foi a única que apresentou resultado efetivo (955%) superando ao da ivermectina (81,5%). As demais drogas testadas apresentaram resultados considerados insuficientes, por apresentar eficiência inferior a 80%. O gênero Haemonchus spp. foi o parasita que apresentou maior prevalência da carga parasitária com média de 87% ±0,06 no dia zero e 90%±0,04 após 14 dias.

Resistance of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes to four classes of anthelmintics in the semiarid region of Paraíba state, Brazil

“…Resistance to closantel was observed on 75% (15/20) of the farms, with 55.8% of efficacious mean for FECR, which was similar to the results obtained by Ramos et al (2020), of 55.2%, and Silva et al (2017), of 45.45%. However, Bushra et al (2019) and Maqbool et al (2018) found reductions of 94.44% and 100%, respectively, in India.…”

“…The Haemonchus was the most prevalent parasite genus in all larval cultures, both before and after treatments. This has also been reported in several other studies evaluating bovine gastrointestinal nematodes (Borges et al, 2015;Lobayan et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2017;Ramos et al, 2020). This nematode probably acquires resistance faster due to its high biotic potential and great genetic variability.…”

“…To avoid losses relating to helminth infections, the main means of control is through use of chemical compounds with a broad spectrum of activity, mainly comprising macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles and salicylanilides (Taylor et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2017;Ramos et al, 2020). Most of the time, these are administered without applying any technical criteria for drug selection, in an empirical and indiscriminate manner.…”

“…In several countries, there are high rates of resistance, such as in New Zealand (Leathwick & Luo, 2017), Australia (Bullen et al, 2016), Germany, Belgium and Sweden (Demeler et al, 2009), Sudan (Mohammedsalih et al, 2021), United States (Gasbarre, 2014) and Argentina (Cristel et al, 2017). In Brazil, there have been reports of resistance to benzimidazoles (Ramos et al, 2020;Fávero et al, 2020), macrocyclic lactones (Neves et al, 2014;Borges et al, 2015;Ramos et al, 2020), imidazothiazoles (Neves et al, 2014;Ramos et al, 2020) and salicylanilides (Silva et al, 2017;Ramos et al, 2020).…”

Recent Advances in the Control of Helminths of Domestic Animals by Helminthophagous Fungi

“…In tropical countries, the genera Haemonchus, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, and Oesophagostomum are the most prevalent GIN in domestic ruminants, causing problems to animal health [55][56][57][58]. In horses, small strongyls (cyathostomins) and large strongyls (Strongylus spp.)…”