Multiple Perineuriomas in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Abstract

Abstract. Intraneural perineurioma is an extremely rare condition characterized by perineurial cell proliferation within peripheral nerve (PN) sheaths. In the veterinary field, this entity has been reported only in a dog. We examined multiple enlargements of PNs in 11 chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) (9 Japanese bantams and 2 specific pathogen-free White Leghorn), which were inoculated with an avian leukosis virus (ALV) causing so-called fowl glioma. All chickens clinically exhibited progressive leg paralysis. Lumbosacral plexus, brachial plexus, and/or spinal ganglion were commonly affected, and these nerves contained a diffuse proliferation of spindle cells arranged concentrically in characteristic onion bulb-like structures surrounded by residual axons and myelin sheaths. The spindle cells were immunohistochemically negative for S-100␣/␤ protein. Electron microscopy revealed that these cells were characterized by short bipolar cytoplasmic processes, occasional cytoplasmic pinocytotic vesicles, and discontinuous basal laminae. These features are consistent with those of intraneural perineurioma. Furthermore, the specific sequence of the ALV was detected in the PN lesions of 8/ 11 (73%) birds by polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that the multiple intraneural perineuriomas of chicken may be associated with the ALV-A causing fowl glioma.

Naturally Occurring Multiple Perineuriomas in a Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

“…ALV and FGV specific genes were not detected. The histologic findings in this fowl were consistent with those of the multiple perineuriomas previously described by Toyoda et al 27 in FGV-infected chickens. The differential diagnosis includes Schwannomas and neurofibromas.…”

Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of the avian leukosis virus causing so-called fowl glioma

“…The sequences (with GenBank accession numbers) used in the alignments were: FGV (AB112960), Y73 sarcoma virus (V01170), ALV-RSA (M37980), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Schmidt-Ruppin B (AF052428), RSV Prague C (J02342) and ALV-HPRS103 (Z46390), according to a previous report (Tomioka et al ., 2004). The FGV has been previously described as a possible pathogen causing multiple perineurioma (Toyoda et al ., 2005).…”

Multiple Masses in a Horse's Tongue Resulting from an Atypical Perineurial Cell Proliferative Disorder

“…Only intraneural perineurioma is reported in veterinary medicine, and, to date, none have involved the oral cavity. 5,9,12,14,15 In this equine case, perineurial cell proliferation was associated with nerves and most closely resembled the intraneural form of perineurioma but was atypical in that it involved the perineurial layer of individual nerves in soft tissue rather than multiple axons within nerves in a nerve trunk.…”

“…10 The lack of detection of EMA expression when using available (human) antibodies in control animal/bird tissues was also mentioned in the reports of perineuriomas in veterinary species. 9,12,15 The presence of perineurial cells alone in the whorls differentiated this lesion from schwannoma and neurofibroma (solitary form of von Recklinghausen's disease). 4,7,10,14 Benign schwannomas do not show the concentric whorled arrangement around nerves seen in this horse.…”

“…Rare examples have been reported in dogs 5, 9, 12 and in chicken. 15 (b) Soft tissue (extraneural) perineuriomas, of which there are a few patterns recognized in humans. 10 Some cases of perineuriomas in humans express epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and/or claudin-1.…”