Multiple Moving Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Blob Analysis

Vision‐based vehicle speed estimation: A survey

“…With the exception of drone-based systems, most approaches are based on static cameras, making the vehicle detection task much easier thanks to the presence of a static background. We can even find a considerable number of works applying the simplest frame-by-frame approach followed by a thresholding method to perform image segmentation [14,32,34 [38,39,57,99,110,111,116], as well as simple methods that rely on edges [49,87,95], gray-level features [45,117,123], binary features or patterns [71,87,96], corners [79], SIFT/SURF features [62,112] or KLT features [58,59,69,91].…”

“…Feature-based: Some approaches are based on the detection of different type of features grouped in regions within the vehicle area, for example, after background subtraction [38,39,57,99,110,111,116], as well as simple methods that rely on edges [49,87,95], gray-level features [45,117,123], binary features or patterns [71,87,96], corners [79], SIFT/SURF features [62,112] or KLT features [58,59,69,91].…”

“…The first categorization is directly related to the attempt to devise an accurate system to be used for speed enforcement ( speed camera application domain) [13, 17, 18, 32, 33, 39, 41–43, 51, 53, 54, 61, 65–68, 70, 72, 74, 76–78, 80, 82, 84–86, 94, 100–102, 107, 108, 111, 112, 114, 119, 122–125] or a less accurate approach that can still be used for traffic speed estimation ( traffic camera application scenario) [12, 14–16, 19–31, 34–38, 40, 44–50, 52, 55–60, 62–64, 69, 71, 73, 75, 79, 81, 83, 87–93, 95–99, 103–106, 109–111, 113, 115–118, 120, 121, 126–129]. Although in some cases it is claimed that accurate speed detection is targeted, some aspects such as the low resolution of the camera, a limited experimental evaluation or the absence of an appropriate ground truth make us to categorize these manuscripts as traffic speed systems.…”

Modeling the Estimation Errors of Visual-based Systems Developed for Vehicle Speed Measurement

“…Kernel-based tracking methods assign a weight to each pixel in the shape and then the density gradient in the image coordinates is estimated, using these weights, to determine the new position of that object [27]- [29]. The point tracking method has been adopted by most researchers concerned with the calculating speed of moving vehicles [6], [9]- [15], [19], [30] and [31]. This technique recognizes vehicle's features and the marking of points that will be followed, to promote correspondence between different frames, and then connects the positions of the same points of the vehicle in the frame sequence.…”

“…In the first, a specific number of successive frames are used and then the displacement of the tracked point is calculated in pixels between the first and the last frame. Depending on both the frame rate and the dimensions of one of the road features that shown in the video, time and displacement distance can be calculated in metric units [6], [12], [15], and [19].…”