Multiple ionization of Ar by 10 keV electrons as a function of the energy loss

Wiel, M.J. van der; Wiebes, G.

doi:10.1016/0031-8914(71)90072-3

Cited by 99 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Wiebes [11], the DI process removing two electrons from the outermost orbital with the ion left in its ground state should largely dominate higher order processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though the emission direction of the third, 'c'-electron is unknown, its kinetic energy E c is known from the energy conservation E 0 -IP 2+ = E a +E b +E c , where IP 2+ is the target first DI potential leaving the ion in its ground state. (Here, it is assumed, following van der Wiel and Wiebes [11] that the DI process removing two electrons from the outermost orbital with the ion left in its ground state largely dominates DI processes with excited ion states). For each of the three considered targets (Ne, Ar and N 2 ), the experiments were performed at three ejected electron energies for the 'b'electron, E b = 12, 72 and 144 eV and a fixed 'c'-electron energy, E c = 12 eV, hence corresponding either to an equal or an unequal energy sharing (E b :E c ) among electrons 'b' and 'c'.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron impact double ionization of neon, argon and molecular nitrogen: role of the two-step mechanism

Li¹,

Lahmam‐Bennani²,

Casagrande³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Recent measurements of the (e,3-1e) four-fold differential cross sections (4DCS) for double ionisation of helium are here extended to more complex targets, namely neon, argon and molecular nitrogen. The previous observations of large angular shifts in the experimental 4DCS distributions with respect to the momentum transfer axis and the existence of structures in these distributions are found to similarly hold here. For the three investigated targets, the experimental data are compared with the kinematical analysis previously given to describe the second order, 'two-step 2' double ionisation mechanism. Such comparison confirms our interpretation which allows relating the observed shifts and structures in the intensity distributions mostly to the 'two-step 2' mechanism, which is shown to predominate over the first-order 'shake-off' and 'two-step 1' mechanisms under the present kinematics. The experimental data are also compared to the predictions of a first Born and a second Born model, showing a rather mixed agreement.

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“…Wiebes [11], the DI process removing two electrons from the outermost orbital with the ion left in its ground state should largely dominate higher order processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron impact double ionization of neon, argon and molecular nitrogen: role of the two-step mechanism

Li¹,

Lahmam‐Bennani²,

Casagrande³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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show abstract

“…The multiple ionization and decay processes of Ar for a range of energy transfers up to 400 eV has been studied in detail by Van der Wiel et al [31 ]. Taking these results into consideration, we will only retain in this paper the most probable decay processes.…”

Section: Multiple Ionization Of Argon As Function Of the Energy Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the measurement by primary cluster counting of the energy lost by a relativistic ionizing particle in argon

Lapique

Piuz

1980

Nuclear Instruments and Methods

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Energy loss of charged particles in a gas has been estimated by a computer simulation technique with a view of studying primary cluster counting as a mean of the particle identification. Primary electron yield and secondary multiplication have been estimated through a detailed calculation of the atomic processes. Results are presented for pure argon in terms of cluster size distributions and relativistic rise of the number of clusters: the latter reaches a plateau at a 3' of 200 and of level of 1.32 times minimum ionization. Limitations to detector resolution due to electronic dead time and longitudinal diffusion of the electrons drifting in the gas are presented. Such limitations are introduced in a comparison between the performance in particle separation of detectors based on energy loss, making use of pulse height measurement or cluster counting.

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“…He introduced [10] the generalized oscillator strength (GOS)-a concept related to the excitation of an electron in an atom by a harmonic electric field-to express charged particle impact ionization cross sections. The GOS has been utilized in numerous studies to characterize atomic and molecular systems, which are reviewed by Inokuti [11], and has been explored in many experiments on single ionization by electron impact [12,13]. Wight and Van der Wiel [14], for example, measured the GOS for double and single ionization of various rare gases by electron impact at high velocities, and found excellent agreement with the GOS obtained by direct photoionization, showing the strong correspondence between the two processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Double ionization of helium in fast ion collisions: the role of momentum transfer

Bapat

Moshammer

Keller

et al. 1999

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Double ionization of helium in the perturbative regime has been explored in a kinematically complete collision experiment using 100 MeV/u C 6+ ions. Different ionization mechanisms are identified by inspecting the angular distribution of the electrons as a function of the momentum transfer q to the target by the projectile. For q < 1.2 au, both electrons are distributed uniformly in the plane perpendicular to the projectile axis, and distinct similarities with photoionization are identified. For q > 1.2 au, the faster electron resulting from a binary encounter with the projectile is emitted along the direction of momentum transfer, while the other electron is distributed uniformly. Experimental data are compared with various model calculations based on the Bethe-Born approximation with shake-off. Surprisingly, the effect of the final state interaction is found to depend decisively on the choice of the initial state wavefunction.

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Multiple ionization of Ar by 10 keV electrons as a function of the energy loss

Cited by 99 publications

References 29 publications

Electron impact double ionization of neon, argon and molecular nitrogen: role of the two-step mechanism

Electron impact double ionization of neon, argon and molecular nitrogen: role of the two-step mechanism

Simulation of the measurement by primary cluster counting of the energy lost by a relativistic ionizing particle in argon

Double ionization of helium in fast ion collisions: the role of momentum transfer

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