We demonstrate the compression of 95 keV, space-charge-dominated electron bunches to sub-100 fs durations. These bunches have sufficient charge (200 fC) and are of sufficient quality to capture a diffraction pattern with a single shot, which we demonstrate by a diffraction experiment on a polycrystalline gold foil. Compression is realized by means of velocity bunching by inverting the positive space-charge-induced velocity chirp. This inversion is induced by the oscillatory longitudinal electric field of a 3 GHz radio-frequency cavity. The arrival time jitter is measured to be 80 fs.

No abstract

No abstract

The propagation of heat pulses originating from sawtooth activity in JET has been investigated in a series of limiter discharges with the following parameters: plasma current, Ip ≃ 3 MA, toroidal magnetic field, BT ≃ 3 T and elongation, κ = 1.45. The auxiliary power was varied such that the total power ranged from 2 to 13.5 MW. Electron temperature perturbations in a 20 cm region around a minor radius of r = (2/3)a were recorded with high time resolution, using a 12 channel electron cyclotron emission polychromator. From these measurements the electron heat diffusivity was derived. Over the whole range of powers considered, was found to be independent of power and to lie in the range of 2.5 ± 0.5 m2·s−1. The quantity is compared to as derived from global power balance analysis. For Ohmic heating, the latter is lower than by a factor of 2.5. For increasing auxiliary power, approaches . A model for the dependence of the local χe n the temperature gradient is presented; it permits a unified description of the heat pulse behaviour, the deterioration of confinement and a certain degree of profile consistency. The model does not invoke non-local parameters such as the total power input. It is shown that the present heat pulse data, subject to this interpretation, contradict the τE scaling laws of the typical form τE ∝ P−0.5.

No abstract

No abstract

Measurements have been made of absolute gross ionization cross sections for 0.6-12 keY electrons in the following hydrocarbons: the series of alkanes from methane to hexane, a number of alkenes, butadiene, and benzene. A description of the experimental technique is given, the results are compared with those of other authors and the additivity of the cross sections is discussed.In all cases the energy dependence of the cross sections is in agreement with the theoretical relation: the cross section u is proportional to MrE.I-1lnE." which gives a possibility of comparing with photoionization cross sections.

No abstract