Multiple ionization effects in x-ray emission induced by heavy ions

Abstract

The x-ray satellite structure of Pd Lα 1,2 (L 3 M 4,5 ) transition excited by an impact of O 7+ and Ne 6+ ions with energies 279 and 178 MeV, respectively, which were measured using a high-resolution von Hamos crystal spectrometer, is discussed in terms of the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations. We demonstrate, by using the arguments of the general central limit theorem (GCLT), that a structure of complex M-shell satellites of Pd Lα 1,2 (M −m ) transitions for a higher number of spectator vacancies (m > 4), which consists of hundreds of thousands of individual x-ray transitions as obtained from the MCDF calculations, can be well described by a single Voigtian profile. The Lorentzian width of such Voigtian line can be well modeled by using the results of the MCDF calculations for simpler configurations with a number of vacancies m ≤ 4 . This method allows one to describe realistically a complex structure of M-shell satellites, thus extending the applicability of the MCDF calculations, which are limited by an increasing complexity of numerical calculations.

Energy Dependency of Proton-Induced Outer-Shell Multiple Ionization for 48Cd and 49In

“…Consequently, the blue shift of the X-ray energy may occur, and the relative intensity ratio of the subshell X-ray will be changed. As we all know that such multiple ionization can be induced by heavy ions [9][10][11][12], that has been also tested and verified in our previous work [13][14][15]. Besides, this can also be produced by relativistic electron impact and is dependent on the incident energy [16][17][18].…”

“…When it takes place, owing to the absence of outer-shell electrons, some of the nonradiative transitions, such as Auger transition, CK transition, and super CK transition, are restrained. Accordingly, the radiative transition probability of the X-ray emission is changed [9][10][11][12]. As a result, the measured relative intensity ratio of subshell X-ray is altered.…”

“…Lβ 2 and Lα X-rays mainly come from the transitions having the same lower energy level L 3 but different upper Laser and Particle Beams levels, i.e., N 4,5 and M 4,5 shells, respectively. When the outershell multiple ionization occurs, with the absence of some M and N shell electrons, the Auger transition ratio for filling L 3 vacancies will decrease, while the fluorescence yield ω 3 will be enlarged [9][10][11][12][27][28][29]. e Auger transition probability a 3 of L 3 vacancies for Cd is almost a factor of 20 and 170 larger than the fluorescence yield of Lα (ω Lα ) and Lβ 2 (ω Lβ2 ) X-ray, and that factor is about 18 and 149 for In, respectively [27][28][29].…”

2p3/2 −13x−1−3x−13d−1 X-ray satellites spectra in the Lα1 region of 4d transition elements

“…The recent study of Czarnota et al [23] has presented the observed M-shell satellite structure of Lα 1,2 X-ray transitions of 42 Mo and 46 Pd induced by an impact of O and Ne ions by one-and two-vacancy configurations for oxygen ions. The similar study of Czarnota et al [24] has also presented the measured X-ray satellite structure of Pd Lα 1,2 (L 3 M 4,5 ) transitions excited by an impact of O 7+ and Ne 6+ iosn with energy 279 and 178 MeV, respectively.…”

“…The computed Lα 1 satellites spectra are also presented in Figures 2-3, in each of which the measured satellite data are shown in terms of vertical bars in two rows at the top of the figure. In the upper row the measured 24 satellite position is shown while in the lower row the measured data have been shown after shifting them horizontally by the average of the discrepancies in measured and computed peak energies. This agreement in all the elements, studied presently, is also shown in Figure 4.…”