Multiple-Ion Releasing Bioactive Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (S-PRG) Filler: Innovative Technology for Dental Treatment and Care

Abstract

Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler, which releases strontium (Sr2+), borate (BO33−), fluoride (F−), sodium (Na+), silicate (SiO32−), and aluminum (Al3+) ions at high concentrations, is a unique glass filler that are utilized in dentistry. Because of its multiple-ion releasing characteristics, S-PRG filler exhibits several bioactivities such as tooth strengthening, acid neutralization, promotion of mineralization, inhibition of bacteria and fungi, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, and enhancement of cell activity. Therefore, S-PRG filler per se and S-PRG filler-containing materials have the potential to be beneficial for various dental treatments and care. Those include restorative treatment, caries prevention/management, vital pulp therapy, endodontic treatment, prevention/treatment of periodontal disease, prevention of denture stomatitis, and perforation repair/root end filling. This review summarizes bioactive functions exhibited by S-PRG filler and its possible contribution to oral health.

Effect of an In-Office Bleaching Agent with Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer Filler on the Enamel Surface: A In-Vitro Study

“…Similar to 45S5 bioglass, S-PRG filler is one of the newest innovations in the category of dental materials for protecting tooth structures. This filler is designed to exhibit the inherent ability to release multiple ions that provide bioactive functions, including acid buffering, remineralization, and demineralization inhibition [23]. The applications of S-PRG filler technology within dental materials have been expanding dramatically.…”

“…It consists of a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) coating on the outer layer, a pre-reacted glass ionomer phase underneath, and a glass core within. The glass ionomer phase is formed by spraying polyacrylic acid, penetrating the SiO 2 coating layer, and reacting with the fluoroboro-aluminosilicate glass core in an acid-base reaction [23].…”

“…Thus, the S-PRG filler's unique properties make the material well suited to several applications in dentistry, and the filler is now incorporated into resin-based restorative materials, dental adhesives, and sealants [21,22]. In addition, S-PRG filler has been experimentally incorporated into inorganic cements, root canal sealers, denture bases, tissue conditioners, and toothpastes [23]. However, as yet, there are still no reports evaluating the effect of S-PRG filler on enamel when incorporated into H 2 O 2 --based office bleaching materials.…”

Surface roughness and gloss retention of bioactive resin composite after simulated toothbrush abrasion

“…Giomers are the product of combining traditional resin composite with glass ionomers, i.e., by incorporating pre-reacted glass filler particles into the bisphenol A-glydicyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) matrix of the resin composite [10]. The resulting material offers caries protection via multiple-ion release along with the esthetic properties found in traditional dental resin composites [11]. Beautifil Flow Plus's manufacturer claims that it has a low wear rate compared to hybrid composite, while maintaining a high luster and long-term esthetics over the life of the restoration [12].…”

The Effect of Mechanical Alteration on Repair Bond Strength of S-PRG-Filler-Based Resin Composite Materials

“…The GIOMER is a restorative resin composite material that uses S-PRG filler technology. This bio-active material is reported to have several advantages over the conventional resin composite such as fluoride release and recharge capability, acid neutralization, promoting mineralization, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibition and anti-biofilm properties [ 12 , 13 ]. Having these added benefits, S-PRG-filler-based restorative material is gaining popularity among clinicians, making it a frequently used dental restorative material.…”