Effect of an In-Office Bleaching Agent with Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer Filler on the Enamel Surface: A In-Vitro Study

Abstract

In-office bleaching with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) agents causes undesirable alterations in the enamel. Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler is a functional material known for its acid-neutralizing and demineralization-inhibition properties. This study evaluates the effect of S-PRG filler incorporation in H2O2-based bleaching on the enamel surface. Bovine enamel surfaces were bleached using a bleaching paste formulated with a liquid (35% H2O2) and a powder containing 5% or 10% S-PRG filler. The surface roughness and the Vickers microhardness of the treated enamel surfaces were evaluated. The enamel surfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technology. The surfaces were challenged by citric acid and observed by SEM. The specimens bleached with the paste containing the S-PRG filler showed lower enamel surface roughness and higher microhardness values than did those bleached with the plain paste (0% S-PRG filler); meanwhile, there were no significant differences between the 5% or 10% S-PRG filler groups. The S-PRG filler groups showed enamel surface morphologies similar to those of the non-bleached enamel, according to SEM observation, and EDX analysis detected the presence of fluoride and strontium ions. The S-PRG filler groups showed a higher resistance to erosion. The S-PRG filler mitigated the detrimental effects of bleaching agents on the enamel surface and provided resistance to erosion.

Bright Smiles, Hidden Dangers: A Literature Review on the Potential Side Effects of Peroxide Based Over-The-Counter Teeth Whitening Treatments

“…Additionally, enamel possesses some porosity, making it susceptible to penetration by particles capable of altering the color of both enamel and dentin. On the other hand, extrinsic discoloration arises from external influences such as smoking and food and drink pigments, such as tea, coffee, and red wine [4,5]. Reports indicate that dissatisfaction with smile and tooth color is a prevalent concern among adults.…”