Multiple introductions of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses into East Asia in 2010–2011

Valdazo-González, Begoña; Тимина, А. М.; Scherbakov, A. V.; Abdul-Hamid, Nor Faizah; Knowles, Nick J.; King, Donald P.

doi:10.1186/1297-9716-44-76

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Then, 104 virus isolates were obtained from the samples collected from 104 farms, as described previously (Nishi et al, ). The isolated viruses were identified as type‐O, belonging to genotype Mya‐98 of Southeast Asia (SEA) topotype, based on VP1 region sequencing (Valdazo‐Gonzalez et al, ). The nucleotide sequences of 104 viruses showed a pairwise identity of more than 99.56%, without any genetic deletions or insertions (Nishi et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Hayama

Firestone

Stevenson

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Research aimed at understanding transmission networks, representing a network of "who infected whom" for an infectious disease outbreak, have been actively conducted in recent years. Transmission network models incorporating epidemiological and genetic data are valuable for elucidating disease transmission pathways. In this study, we reconstructed the transmission network of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in Japan in 2010, and explored farm-level risk factors associated with increased risk of secondary transmission. A published, systematic Bayesian transmission network model was applied to epidemiological data of 292 infected farms and whole genome sequence data of 104 of the infected farms. This model can make inferences for known infected farms even lacking genetic data. After estimating the consensus network, the accuracy of the network was examined by comparison with epidemiological data. Then, risk factors inferred to have been sources of secondary transmission were explored using zero-inflated Poisson regression model. As far as we are aware, this study represents the largest FMD outbreak transmission network to be published by such means combining epidemiological and genetic data. The consensus network reasonably generated the epidemiological links, which were estimated from the actual epidemiological investigation. Among 292 farms, 101 farms (35%) were inferred to have been the sources of secondary transmission, and amongst these farms, the median number of secondary cases was 2 (min:1-max:18) farms. The farm-type (small and large -sized pig farms), the number of days from onset to notification, and the number of susceptible farms within a 1-km radius were significantly associated with secondary transmission. Transmission network modelling enabled inference of the connections between infected farms during the FMD epidemic and identified important factors for controlling the risk of secondary transmission. This study demonstrated that the predominant susceptible species held on a farm, farm size, and animal density were associated with increased onwards transmission. K E Y W O R D S foot-and-mouth disease, Japan, secondary transmission, transmission network, zero-inflated Poisson model | 2075 HAYAMA et Al. S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Hayama Y, Firestone SM, Stevenson MA, et al. Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Japan. Transbound Emerg

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Hayama

Firestone

Stevenson

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The O/SEA/Mya‐98 strain found in Hong Kong was highly adapted to swine hosts and caused high morbidity and severe disease (Hui and Leung, ). In 2010 and 2011, whole‐genome sequence analysis of O/SEA/Mya‐98 viruses from eastern Asia showed the presence of two different sublineages, one of them responsible for outbreaks in the Russian Federation and Mongolia and a different one in China (Valdazo‐Gonzalez et al., ).…”

Section: Endemic Pools In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Global Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from 2007 to 2014

Brito

Rodrı́guez

Hammond

et al. 2015

Transbound Emerg Dis

219

212

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus affects livestock worldwide. There are seven different serotypes, each with a diversity of topotypes, genetic lineages and strains. Some lineages have different properties that may contribute to sporadic spread beyond their recognized endemic areas. The objective of this study was to review the most significant FMD epidemiological events that took place worldwide between 2007 and 2014. Severe epidemics were caused by FMD virus (FMDV) lineage O/Asia/Mya-98 in Japan and South Korea in 2010, both previously free of disease. In India, where FMD is endemic, the most important event was the re-emergence of lineage O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 in 2008. Notably, this lineage, normally restricted to India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, was also found in Saudi Arabia and Libya in 2013 and has caused several outbreaks in Tunisia and Algeria in 2014-2015. In January 2011, FMDV-positive wild boars were found in Bulgaria, where the disease last occurred in 1996, followed by 12 outbreaks in livestock infected with FMDV O/ME-SA/PanAsia2. In 2012, FMDV SAT2 caused outbreaks in Egypt and the Palestinian Autonomous Territories. Another significant event was the emergence of FMDV Asia1 Sindh-08 in the Middle East. In South America, one outbreak of FMDV serotype O, topotype Euro-SA was reported in Paraguay in 2011, which was recognized as FMD-free with vaccination at the time. Lessons learned from past events, point out the need for an integrated strategy that comprises coordinated global and regional efforts for FMDV control and surveillance. Specific local characteristics related to host, environment and virus that condition FMD occurrence should be carefully considered and incorporated to adapt appropriate strategies into local plans. In this review, we compiled relevant epidemiological FMD events to provide a global overview of the current situation. We further discussed current challenges present in different FMD areas.

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“…Recently the Mya-98 lineage of serotype O SEA genotype has caused outbreaks in regions previously free of FMD (Valdazo-Gonzalez et al, 2013;Nishiura and Omori, 2010). Data on the performance of high potency vaccines in sheep against this lineage of virus are not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a high potency O1 Manisa monovalent vaccine against heterologous challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus of O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage in sheep

et al. 2017

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Potency tests for commercial oil-adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines are usually carried out in cattle, using a full dose (2 ml) of vaccine and homologous virus challenge. However, in sheep the recommended vaccine dose is half of the cattle dose (1 ml) and most vaccines have not been potency tested for this species, especially with heterologous viruses. To determine the efficacy of a high potency (>6PD) FMD virus (FMDV) O1Manisa vaccine in sheep, we carried out a study using a heterologous FMDV (FMDV O/SKR/2010 - Mya-98 strain) challenge. Groups of seven animals each were vaccinated with 2×, 1×, 1/2× or 1/4× dose (2 ml, 1 ml, 0.5 ml or 0.25 ml respectively) and challenged at 7 days post vaccination (dpv). Only 3 of the 7 sheep in the group vaccinated with 2 ml were protected. With 2 additional groups, receiving double or single doses and challenged at 14 dpv, 4 of 7 sheep were protected in each group. None of the sheep had measurable neutralising antibodies against the vaccine or challenge virus at 7 dpv. However, all vaccinated animals challenged at 14 dpv had a homologous neutralising response against FMDV O1 Manisa on the day of challenge and all but one animal also had a heterologous response to FMDV O/SKR/2010. Infectious FMDV and viral RNA could be found in nasal swabs between 1 and 6 days post challenge (dpc) in most vaccinated sheep, but those vaccinated with higher doses or challenged at 14 dpv showed significant decreases in the level of FMDV detection. Intermittent virus shedding was noticed between 1 and 35 dpc in all vaccinated groups, but persistent infection could be demonstrated only in 4 sheep (20%). This study showed that at the recommended dose, a high potency (>6 PD) FMDV O1Manisa vaccine does not protect sheep against a heterologous challenge at 7 dpv. However, partial protection was observed when a double dose was used at 7 dpv or when double or single dose vaccinated sheep were challenged at 14 dpv.

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Multiple introductions of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses into East Asia in 2010–2011

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Review of the Global Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from 2007 to 2014

Efficacy of a high potency O1 Manisa monovalent vaccine against heterologous challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus of O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage in sheep

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