Multiple host feeding in <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i> and <i>Glossina tachinoides</i> in southeast Mali

Hoppenheit, Antje; Bauer, Burkhard; Steuber, Stephan; Terhalle, W.; Diall, O.; Zessin, Karl-Hans; Clausen, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01046.x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…G. tachinoides is a feeding opportunist and switches readily to domestic animals and people in the absence of natural hosts [12] . One study in Nigeria found that 43% of blood meals had been taken from humans [13] , and it has recently been shown to have a higher vectorial capacity than G. p. gambiensis [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardizing Visual Control Devices for Tsetse Flies: East African Species Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides

Oloo¹,

Sciarretta

Mohamed-Ahmed

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundRiverine species of tsetse are responsible for most human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) transmission and are also important vectors of animal trypanosomiasis. This study concerns the development of visual control devices for two such species, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides, at the eastern limits of their continental range. The goal was to determine the most long-lasting, practical and cost-effective visually attractive device that induces the strongest landing responses in these species for use as insecticide-impregnated tools in vector population suppression.Methods and FindingsField trials were conducted in different seasons on G. f. fuscipes in Kenya, Ethiopia and the Sudan and on G. tachinoides in Ethiopia to measure the performance of traps and 2D targets of different sizes and colours, with and without chemical baits, at different population densities and under different environmental conditions. Adhesive film was used to enumerate flies at these remote locations to compare trapping efficiencies. The findings show that targets made from black and blue fabrics (either phthalogen or turquoise) covered with adhesive film render them equal to or more efficient than traps at capturing G. f. fuscipes and G. tachinoides. Biconical trap efficiency varied between 25% and 33% for the two species. Smaller 0.25 m×0.25 m phthalogen blue-black targets proved more efficient than the regular 1 m2 target for both species, by over six times for Glossina f. fuscipes and two times for G. tachinoides based on catches per m2. Overall, targets with a higher edge/surface area ratio were more efficient at capturing flies.Conclusions/SignificanceTaking into account practical considerations and fly preferences for edges and colours, we propose a 0.5×0.75 m blue-black target as a simple cost-effective device for management of G. f. fuscipes and G. tachinoides, impregnated with insecticide for control and covered with adhesive film for population sampling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardizing Visual Control Devices for Tsetse Flies: East African Species Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides

Oloo¹,

Sciarretta

Mohamed-Ahmed

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…However, looking at the literature some common factors are associated with prevalence variability: annual and seasonal differences in sampling time, cattle abundance at watering places, micro-environmental ecological conditions [ 40 – 42 ], variations in tsetse and other hematophagous fly (mainly Stomoxis spp. and tabanids) densities and their respective vectorial capacity and seasonality [ 43 – 45 ] and the trypanotolerance/susceptibility of local cattle breeds [ 25 , 40 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of Glossina sp. and Trypanosoma sp. in south-western Ethiopia

Abdi

Tasew²,

Olani

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundAccurate information on the distribution of the tsetse fly is of paramount importance to better control animal trypanosomosis. Entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted in the tsetse belt of south-western Ethiopia to describe the prevalence of trypanosomosis (PoT), the abundance of tsetse flies (AT) and to evaluate the association with potential risk factors.MethodsThe study was conducted between 2009 and 2012. The parasitological survey data were analysed by a random effects logistic regression model, whereas the entomological survey data were analysed by a Poisson regression model. The percentage of animals with trypanosomosis was regressed on the tsetse fly count using a random effects logistic regression model.ResultsThe following six risk factors were evaluated for PoT (i) altitude: significant and inverse correlation with trypanosomosis, (ii) annual variation of PoT: no significant difference between years, (iii) regional state: compared to Benishangul-Gumuz (18.0 %), the three remaining regional states showed significantly lower PoT, (iv) river system: the PoT differed significantly between the river systems, (iv) sex: male animals (11.0 %) were more affected than females (9.0 %), and finally (vi) age at sampling: no difference between the considered classes. Observed trypanosome species were T. congolense (76.0 %), T. vivax (18.1 %), T. b. brucei (3.6 %), and mixed T. congolense/vivax (2.4 %).The first four risk factors listed above were also evaluated for AT, and all have a significant effect on AT. In the multivariable model only altitude was retained with AT decreasing with increasing altitude. Four different Glossina species were identified i.e. G. tachinoides (52.0 %), G. pallidipes (26.0 %), G.morsitans submorsitans (15.0 %) and G. fuscipes fuscipes (7.0 %). Significant differences in catches/trap/day between districts were observed for each species. No association could be found between the tsetse fly counts and trypanosomosis prevalence.ConclusionsTrypanosomosis remains a constraint to livestock production in south-western Ethiopia. Four Glossina and three Trypanosoma species were observed. Altitude had a significant impact on AT and PoT. PoT is not associated with AT, which could be explained by the importance of mechanical transmission. This needs to be investigated further as it might jeopardize control strategies that target the tsetse fly population.

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“…Both males and females feed by sucking blood from vertebrates (generally, but not always, large mammals) (Hoppenheit et al 2013), and males apparently lurk near hosts to grab females in the air when they come to feed. Glossina females are probably effectively isolated from heterospecific crossings by different diurnal activity cycles, habitats, and geographic ranges, and by species-specific surface hydrocarbons that allow males to distinguish the sex and species identity of females prior to copulation (Huyton et al 1980;Wall and Langley 1993).…”

Section: Background: the Natural History Of Glossinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-Specific Behavioral Differences in Tsetse Fly Genital Morphology and Probable Cryptic Female Choice

Briceño

Eberhard

2015

Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods

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A long-standing mystery in morphological evolution is why male genitalia tend to diverge more rapidly than other structures. One possible explanation of this trend is that male genitalia function as "internal courtship devices," and are under sexual selection by cryptic female choice (CFC) to induce female responses that improve the male's chances of fathering her offspring. Males of closely related species, which have species-specific genital structures, are thought to provide divergent stimulation. Testing this hypothesis has been difficult; the presumed genital courtship behavior is hidden from view inside the female; appropriate experimental manipulations of male and female genitalia are often technically difficult and seldom performed; and most studies of how the male's genitalia interact with those of the female are limited to a single species in a given group, thus limiting opportunities for comparisons of species-specific structures. In this chapter, we summarize data from morphological, behavioral, and experimental studies of six species in the tsetse fly genus Glossina, including new X-ray recordings that allowed visualization of events inside the female during real time. Species-specific male genital structures perform dramatic, stereotyped, rhythmic movements, some on the external surface of the female's abdomen and others within her reproductive tract. Counting conservatively, a female Glossina may sense stimuli from the male's genitalia at up to 8 sites on her body during some stages of copulation. As predicted by CFC theory, these movements differ among closely related species;

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Multiple host feeding in Glossina palpalis gambiensis and Glossina tachinoides in southeast Mali

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Standardizing Visual Control Devices for Tsetse Flies: East African Species Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides

Standardizing Visual Control Devices for Tsetse Flies: East African Species Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides

Spatial distribution of Glossina sp. and Trypanosoma sp. in south-western Ethiopia

Species-Specific Behavioral Differences in Tsetse Fly Genital Morphology and Probable Cryptic Female Choice

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