Multiple enzyme-doped thread-based microfluidic system for blood urea nitrogen and glucose detection in human whole blood

Abstract

This research presents a multiple enzyme-doped thread-based microfluidic system for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose detection in human whole blood. A novel enzyme-doped thread coated with a thin polyvinylchloride (PVC) membrane is produced for on-site electrochemical detection of urea and glucose in whole blood. Multiple enzymes can be directly applied to the thread without delicate pretreatment or a surface modification process prior to sealing the thread with PVC membrane. Results indicate that the developed device exhibits a good linear dynamic range for detecting urea and glucose in concentrations from 0.1 mM-10.0 mM (R(2 )= 0.9850) and 0.1 mM-13.0 mM (R(2 )= 0.9668), which is suitable for adoption in detecting the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN, 1.78-7.12 mM) and glucose (3.89-6.11 mM) in serum. The detection result also shows that the developed thread-based microfluidic system can successfully separate and detect the ions, BUN, and glucose in blood. The calculated concentrations of BUN and glucose ante cibum (glucose before meal) in the whole blood sample are 3.98 mM and 4.94 mM, respectively. The developed thread-based microfluidic system provides a simple yet high performance for clinical diagnostics.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Blood to Distinguish Lung Cancer Patients from Healthy Subjects

“…AST, usually accompanying alanine transaminase, is a liver injury marker. UR and GLU are markers reflecting the status of metabolism in the body; monitoring their levels in blood is important for patients with diabetes or kidney diseases [ 20 ]. Correlation analysis in the current study demonstrated that in lung cancer patients, NLR and PLR were not correlated with AST, UR, and GLU, showing that NLR and PLR might not exert significant effect on the process of metabolism in lung cancer patients.…”

Thread based electrofluidic platform for direct metabolite analysis in complex samples

“…The second group are based upon single threads, which generally involve much smaller solution volumes, as in these examples the flow within the strands of the thread is confined to one direction. The use of this later platform has been applied to bacteria isolation and quantification [24], chemotaxis studies for cell culture systems [25], immunoassays [26,27], blood typing [28], chemical synthesis [29], and the determination of nucleic acids [30,31], proteins [4,7,29,[31][32][33][34], glucose [29,[35][36][37], drugs [38], small ions [6,8,32,39] and metals [40]. Several detection techniques have been used for these various applications, with the most common, albeit the least sensitive, being simple colorimetric detection.…”

A microfluidic glucose sensor incorporating a novel thread‐based electrode system

“…A number of studies have detailed their application in clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, and food quality. A variety of analytes have been examined including small‐molecule metabolites, nucleic acids, proteins, and metal ions .…”