Multiple-diffusion flame synthesis of pure anatase and carbon-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Memon, Nasir K.; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Chung, Suk Ho

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.03.022

Cited by 38 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Two‐step approaches involving the synthesis of TiO 2 nanomaterials by hydrolytic sol–gel routes and their subsequent coating using various carbon precursors has been widely developed . A large variety of carbon precursors has been reported including sucrose, glucose, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), dopamine, pyrrole, and ethylene . In these multi‐step strategies, controlling the homogeneity of the carbon coating is not straightforward; in addition, besides carbon precursors, copolymers or surfactants are usually necessary to generate mesoporous or nanostructured materials, involving extra costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂–Carbon Nanocomposites

Escamilla-Pérez

Louvain

Boury

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mesoporous TiO -carbon nanocomposites were synthesized using an original non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) route, based on the reaction of simple ethers (diisopropyl ether or tetrahydrofuran) with titanium tetrachloride. In this atom-economic, solvent-free process, the ether acts not only as an oxygen donor but also as the sole carbon source. Increasing the reaction temperature to 180 °C leads to the decomposition of the alkyl chloride by-product and to the formation of hydrocarbon polymers, which are converted to carbon by pyrolysis under argon. The carbon-TiO nanocomposites and their TiO counterparts (obtained by calcination) were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, XRD, solid state C NMR and Raman spectroscopies, SEM, and TEM. The nanocomposites are mesoporous with surface areas of up to 75 m g and pore sizes around 10 nm. They are composed of aggregated anatase nanocrystals coated by an amorphous carbon film. Playing on the nature of the ether and on the reaction temperature allows control over the carbon content in the nanocomposites. The nature of the ether also influences the size of the TiO crystallites and the morphology of the nanocomposite. To further characterize the carbon coating, the behavior of the carbon-TiO nanocomposites and bare TiO samples toward lithium insertion-deinsertion was investigated in half-cells. This simple NHSG approach should provide a general method for the synthesis of a wide range of carbon-metal oxide nanocomposites.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂–Carbon Nanocomposites

Escamilla-Pérez

Louvain

Boury

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As for photocatalyst synthesis, great achievements have been obtained by FSP, such as anion doped metal oxide, hybrid metal oxide, and noble metal deposition . Although the Cu‐Ti hybridization scheme has promising applications in photocatalysis, the potential of FSP‐made CuO x /TiO 2 photocatalysts for hydrogen production has not been fully discovered yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Control over Lattice Doping and Nanocluster Modification of a Hybrid CuO_x/TiO₂ Photocatalyst during Flame Synthesis for Enhancing Hydrogen Evolution

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Noble metal‐free hybrid photocatalysts have recently been extensively studied for their applications in the environment and energy field. However, rational design over these photocatalysts is still a challenging task because the detailed mechanism of multi‐component catalysts is not well understood yet. Here, we highlight a state‐of‐the‐art approach, one‐step flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), for preparing high‐efficiency hybrid CuOx/TiO2 photocatalysts, where simultaneous control over lattice doping and nanocluster modification of Cu species on a TiO2 support is achieved. Effective engineering of Cu valence is achieved, where the surface Cu+ content varies from 15% to as high as 100%. Meanwhile, a high percentage (70–80 mol%) of TiO2 photocatalytic active phase (anatase) is also maintained in the flame‐made catalysts. A dramatic enhancement in photocatalytic H2 evolution efficiency of the hybrid catalyst is attained. The maximum photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of the hybrid CuOx/TiO2 catalyst under Xe lamp in a methanol aqueous solution can reach as high as 112.6 µmol h−1, which is ≈22.1 times higher than that of commercial P25 TiO2. Mechanism investigation via density functional theory calculation and photoluminescence spectra validates that the bulk defect levels and surface‐deposited CuOx nanoclusters play key roles in charge separation and extending spectral response.

show abstract

“…Large-scale turbulent burners are utilized in flame synthesis (Kammler et al, 2001) for an industrial production of TiO 2 , whereas in lab settings, small laminar flames have been typically used to investigate the growth process of TiO 2 nanoparticles Memon et al, 2013;Pratsinis et al, 1996). Such growth process is strongly influenced by the flame conditions and appreciably differs when comparing laminar to turbulent flames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using a Double-Slit Curved Wall-Jet Burner

Ismail¹,

Mansour²,

Memon³

et al. 2016

Combustion Science and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel double-slit curved wall-jet (DS-CWJ) burner was proposed and utilized for flame synthesis. This burner was comprised of double curved wall-jet nozzles with coaxial slits; the inner slit was for the delivery of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) precursor while the outer one was to supply premixed fuel/air mixture of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) or propane (C 3 H 8 ). This configuration enabled rapid mixing between the precursor and reactants along the curved surface and inside the recirculation zone of the burner. Particle growth of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles and their phases was investigated with varying equivalence ratio and Reynolds number. Flow field and flame structure were measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and OH planar laserinduced fluorescence (PLIF) techniques, respectively. The nanoparticles were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for surface area analysis. The flow field consisted of a wall-jet region leading to a recirculation zone, an interaction jet region, followed by a merged-jet region. The DS-CWJ burner revealed appreciable mixing characteristics between the precursor and combustion gases near the nozzle regions, with a slight increase in the axial velocity due to the precursor injection. The precursor supply had a negligible effect on the flame structure. The burner produced a reasonably uniform size (13-18 nm) nanoparticles with a high BET surface area (>100 m 2 /g). The phase of TiO 2 nanoparticles was mainly dependent on the equivalence ratio and fuel type, which impact flame height, heat release rate, and high temperature residence time of the precursor vapor. For ethylene flames, the anatase content increased with the equivalence ratio, whereas it decreased in the case of propane flames. The synthesized TiO 2 nanoparticles exhibited high crystallinity and the anatase phase was dominant at high equivalence ratios (ϕ > 1.6) for C 2 H 4 , and at low equivalence ratios (ϕ < 1.3) for the C 3 H 8 flame. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

Multiple-diffusion flame synthesis of pure anatase and carbon-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂–Carbon Nanocomposites

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂–Carbon Nanocomposites

Simultaneous Control over Lattice Doping and Nanocluster Modification of a Hybrid CuO_x/TiO₂ Photocatalyst during Flame Synthesis for Enhancing Hydrogen Evolution

Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using a Double-Slit Curved Wall-Jet Burner

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Multiple-diffusion flame synthesis of pure anatase and carbon-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2–Carbon Nanocomposites

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2–Carbon Nanocomposites

Simultaneous Control over Lattice Doping and Nanocluster Modification of a Hybrid CuOx/TiO2 Photocatalyst during Flame Synthesis for Enhancing Hydrogen Evolution

Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using a Double-Slit Curved Wall-Jet Burner

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂–Carbon Nanocomposites

Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non‐hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One‐Pot, Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂–Carbon Nanocomposites

Simultaneous Control over Lattice Doping and Nanocluster Modification of a Hybrid CuO_x/TiO₂ Photocatalyst during Flame Synthesis for Enhancing Hydrogen Evolution