Multiple Defenses and Signals in Plant Defense against Pathogens and Herbivores

Hammerschmidt, R.; Schultz, Jack C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1754-6_5

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…As shown above, feeding on one organ may affect defence levels in the other, and when both organs are induced simultaneously, AG and BG induced responses may negatively affect each other. In AG studies it has been shown, for example, that (SA-mediated) pathogen-induced responses may reduce or even inhibit (JAmediated) herbivore-induced responses (Hammerschmidt and Schultz 1996). Signalling compounds transported from infested roots to the shoot may interact similarly with locally induced hormones triggered by shoot-feeding organisms.…”

Section: Negative Interactions Between Aboveground and Belowground Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical communication between roots and shoots: towards an integration of aboveground and belowground induced responses in plants

Dam¹,

Bezemer²

Chemical Ecology

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Abstract. Induced responses in plants occur in response to both aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) herbivores and pathogens. So far, the majority of studies have focused on AG induced responses. Possible interactions between AG and BG induced responses have only recently received scientific attention. On the one hand, induction in one plant part may result in systemically induced responses in other parts. On the other hand, simultaneously occurring AG and BG induced responses may interfere, for example, when the activities of root feeders alter the effectiveness of induced responses against leaf feeders. In both cases, AG-BG interactions between induced responses may affect the amount of damage to a plant and therefore constitute an important selection pressure in the evolution of optimal plantdefence strategies.Here we present a new concept for the integration of AG and BG induced responses in current optimal-defence theory. First, we will consider differences in physiology and morphology between roots and shoots, which relate to their different roles in resource acquisition and which are important in interactions with their environment. Then, we will evaluate how general principles emerging from current theories and mathematical models of optimal AG induced plant defences can be applied to BG induced responses, as well as to their interactions with AG responses. Finally, we argue that plants integrate the information that is communicated by roots and shoots to optimize plant fitness in a multitrophic context..

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Section: Negative Interactions Between Aboveground and Belowground Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical communication between roots and shoots: towards an integration of aboveground and belowground induced responses in plants

Dam¹,

Bezemer²

Chemical Ecology

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show abstract

“…They are complex mixtures of monoterpenes (C 10 ) and sesquiterpenes (C 15 ), with minor abundances of phenylpropanoids, and acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives such as oxides, ethers, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Essential oils are commonly contained in glandular trichomes, a paradigmatic example of joint physicochemical mechanism that has demonstrated to be one of the most effective defences against noxious organisms (Hammerschmidt andSchultz 1996, Bowers et al 2000). Enzymes involved in the different metabolic steps associated to these terpenes biosynthesis are located within these structures (Gershenzon andCroteau 1990, Gershenzon andDudareva 2007).…”

Section: Plants Natural Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Defenses in Eucalyptus Species: A Sustainable Strategy Based on Antique Knowledge to Diminish Agrochemical Dependency

Leicach¹,

Grass²,

Chludil³

et al. 2012

New Advances and Contributions to Forestry Research

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“…defence to an incompatible race or isolate of a pathogen is a form of induced resistance that is characterized by highly localized expression of defences such as phytoalexins and the hypersensitive response (Hammerschmidt & Nicholson, 1999). Second, induced resistance can also describe plants that express resistance to a broad range of compatible pathogens after some initial inducing treatment (Kuć, 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%