Multiple breeding females in free-ranging groups ofCallithrix jacchus

Digby, Leslie J.; Ferrari, Stephen F.

doi:10.1007/bf02696100

Cited by 93 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Interestingly, in one of the two remaining cases, both possible within-group males could be excluded as sires if the resident female was presumed to be the infant's mother; this result suggests either that the infant was sired by an unsampled extragroup male, or that a second breeding female who subsequently disappeared was present in the group at the time of the infant's birth. Together, these genetic parentage data are wholly consistent with observed reproductive behavior, in which mating is heavily skewed towards the dominant male with occasional cases of extragroup mating by females (Digby, 1999) and where occasional cases of multiple breeding females within the same social group have been reported (Digby and Ferrari, 1994;Ferrari and Digby, 1996). Oka and Takenaka (2001) investigated parentage in a small sample of Bornean gibbons (Hylobates muelleri), using noninvasively collected hair and fecal samples as a source of DNA for microsatellite genotyping.…”

Section: Studies Of Mating Systems and Reproductive Strategiessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…These subordinate animals nonetheless contribute to the reproductive success of dominants either directly (thorough helping behavior such as infant carrying or provisioning) or indirectly (through group size effects in reducing the likelihood of predation or enhancing the group's ability to compete with other groups) (Koenig, 1995;Tardif, 1997). In some cooperatively breeding callitrichines, subordinate individuals sometimes do reproduce (Digby and Ferrari, 1994;Goldizen et al, 1996). Models of optimal reproductive skew predict that the degree to which a dominant animal concedes reproduction or mating opportunities to subordinates should be inversely related to the degree of relatedness between those individuals, i.e., dominants are predicted to concede more reproduction to individuals who are less closely related to them (Keller and Reeve, 1994;Emlen, 1995Emlen, , 1997Clutton-Brock, 1998).…”

Section: Mating Behavior Reproductive Skew and Genetic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Fiore

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

106

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In the past several decades, the development of novel molecular techniques and the advent of noninvasive DNA sampling, coupled with the ease and speed with which molecular analyses can now be performed, have made it possible for primatologists to directly examine the fitness effects of individual behavior and to explore how variation in behavior and social systems influences primate population genetic structure. This review describes the theoretical connections between individual behavior and primate social systems on the one hand and population genetic structure on the other, discusses the kinds of molecular markers typically employed in genetic studies of primates, and summarizes what primatologists have learned from molecular studies over the past few decades about dispersal patterns, mating systems, reproductive strategies, and the influence of kinship on social behavior. Several important conclusions can be drawn from this overview. First, genetic data confirm that, in many species, male dominance rank and fitness are positively related, at least over the short term, though this relationship need not simply be a reflection of malemale contest competition over mates. More importantly, genetic research reveals the significance of female choice in determining male reproductive success, and documents the efficacy of alternative mating tactics among males. Second, genetic data suggest that the presumed importance of kinship in structuring primate social relationships needs to be evaluated further, at least for some taxa such as chimpanzees in which demographic factors may be more important than relatedness. I conclude this paper by offering several suggestions of additional ways in which molecular techniques might be employed in behavioral and ecological studies of primates (e.g., for conducting "molecular censuses" of unhabituated populations, for studying disease and host-parasite interactions, or for tracking seed fate in studies of seed dispersal) and by providing a brief introduction to the burgeoning field of nonhuman primate behavioral genetics. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 46:62-99, 2003.

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Section: Studies Of Mating Systems and Reproductive Strategiessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Mating Behavior Reproductive Skew and Genetic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Fiore

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

106

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“…Given these costs, plus high costs of reproduction (in particular, relatively fast infant growth ;Goldizen 1990;Mitani and Watts 1997), obligate cooperative breeding, and limited breeding opportunities, subordinate females may often do better to help raise o spring of dominant females than to disperse and try to breed, and may sometimes eventually acquire breeding positions in their natal groups (Goldizen 1990;Garber 1994). Contest for allocaretaking leads to reproductive suppression of subordinate females (Goldizen 1990;Garber 1994;Digby 1995;Digby and Ferrari 1994). Usually suppression is complete; when subordinates breed, they risk infanticide by dominants (Digby 1994), and probably have little chance of raising o spring successfully even without infanticide.…”

Section: Social Alternative: Male Harassmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contest for allocaretaking leads to reproductive suppression of subordinate females (Goldizen 1990;Garber 1994;Digby 1995;Digby and Ferrari 1994). Usually suppression is complete; when subordinates breed, they risk infanticide by dominants (Digby 1994), and probably have little chance of raising o spring successfully even without infanticide. Callitrichid maternal energetics and mating systems ®nd parallels among communally breeding carnivores (e.g., dwarf mongoose: Creel and Waser 1994;reviewed in Creel and Creel 1991).…”

Section: Social Alternative: Male Harassmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

Sterck

Watts

Schaik

1997

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

1,095

941

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Considerable interspeci®c variation in female social relationships occurs in gregarious primates, particularly with regard to agonism and cooperation between females and to the quality of female relationships with males. This variation exists alongside variation in female philopatry and dispersal. Socioecological theories have tried to explain variation in female-female social relationships from an evolutionary perspective focused on ecological factors, notably predation and food distribution. According to the current``ecological model'', predation risk forces females of most diurnal primate species to live in groups; the strength of the contest component of competition for resources within and between groups then largely determines social relationships between females. Social relationships among gregarious females are here characterized as Dispersal-Egalitarian, Resident-Nepotistic, Resident-Nepotistic-Tolerant, or Resident-Egalitarian. This ecological model has successfully explained di erences in the occurrence of formal submission signals, decided dominance relationships, coalitions and female philopatry. Group size and female rank generally a ect female reproduction success as the model predicts, and studies of closely related species in di erent ecological circumstances underscore the importance of the model. Some cases, however, can only be explained when we extend the model to incorporate the e ects of infanticide risk and habitat saturation. We review evidence in support of the ecological model and test the power of alternative models that invoke between-group competition, forced female philopatry, demographic female recruitment, male interventions into female aggression, and male harassment. Not one of these models can replace the ecological model, which already encompasses the between-group competition. Currently the best model, which explains several phenomena that the ecological model does not, is a``socioecological model'' based on the combined importance of ecological factors, habitat saturation and infanticide avoidance. We note some points of similarity and divergence with other mammalian taxa; these remain to be explored in detail.

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“…However, based on data from field studies the universal validity of the monogamous social structure for callitrichids has been questioned (Digby and Ferrari 1994;Sussman and Garber 1987). Nevertheless, in the wild as well as in captivity, for an established pair the presence of a strange conspecific constitutes for the opposite-sexed pairmate a social or even sexual alternative whereas for the same-sexed pairmate it constitutes a rival, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to confrontations with opposite-sexed strangers

Gerber

Schnell

2004

Primates

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Common marmosets exhibit under captive conditions socially monogamous propensities. During confrontation with opposite-sexed stranger, in the presence of the pairmate, common marmosets often respond aggressively. However, in the absence of their mates, males actively solicit contact and even sexual interactions with strange females whereas mated females are indifferent to strange males. In the present study behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of pairmates of six established pairs of common marmosets were recorded during confrontation with an opposite-sexed stranger (1) in the presence or (2) in the absence of the familiar pairmate. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate as well as locomotor activity were recorded telemetrically through peritoneally implanted transmitters. Behavioral responses were videotaped and in addition, urine samples from the female individuals were analyzed for their estrogen concentrations to monitor their ovarian cycles. The cardiophysiological values did not differ significantly between the two confrontation conditions. However, compared to baseline, heart rate values of both sexes and in males also blood pressure values, were significantly higher during confrontations. Hence, confrontations with an opposite-sexed conspecific clearly affect cardiophysiological parameters. Between confrontees affiliative behaviors could not been recorded but aggressive and sexual behaviors occurred.

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Multiple breeding females in free-ranging groups ofCallithrix jacchus

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

Behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to confrontations with opposite-sexed strangers

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