Multiple biomarkers response in a Neotropical fish exposed to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs)

Calado, Sabrina Loise de Morais; Santos, Gustavo Souza; Vicentini, Maiara; Bozza, Deivyson Cattine; Prodocimo, Viviane; Magalhães, Valéria Freitas de; Cestari, Marta Margarete; Assis, Helena Cristina Silva de

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124616

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The participation of GST in the detoxification of PST is still unclear. In fish, GST activity has been reported to increase after exposure to PST (Calado et al, 2020;Clemente et al, 2010;Gubbins et al, 2000), or to decrease (Silva et al, 2011;Barbosa et al, 2019 ), while in mice and in cladoceran crustaceans, PST have no effect on GST activity (Ferrão-Filho et al, 2017;Hong et al, 2003). An increase in GST activity can be related with increased antioxidant and/or biotransformation activity (Calado et al, 2020;Stephensen et al, 2002;Painefilú et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fish, GST activity has been reported to increase after exposure to PST (Calado et al, 2020;Clemente et al, 2010;Gubbins et al, 2000), or to decrease (Silva et al, 2011;Barbosa et al, 2019 ), while in mice and in cladoceran crustaceans, PST have no effect on GST activity (Ferrão-Filho et al, 2017;Hong et al, 2003). An increase in GST activity can be related with increased antioxidant and/or biotransformation activity (Calado et al, 2020;Stephensen et al, 2002;Painefilú et al, 2019). In the present work, we observe a decrease in GST activity with 0.13 μM PST1, which could be related to GSH depletion; however, this effect is not evident at higher PST1 concentration (1.3 μM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest amounts of these toxins are mostly found in gut content and liver (Deeds et al, 2008) although accumulation of PST in muscle has been reported to occur in two freshwater fish species used for human consumption, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Galvão et al, 2009) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Calado et al, 2020). Therefore, it is important to know the capacity of fish used in aquaculture for biotransformation and excretion of PST, in order to avoid possible risks of human poisoning (Etheridge, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity

Painefilú

Bianchi

Krock

et al. 2020

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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We studied the absorption, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) from three extracts from Alexandrium catenella and A. ostenfeldii, in middle Oncorhynchus mykiss intestine in vitro and ex vivo preparations. We measured glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity, and lipid peroxidation in isolated epithelium exposed to 0.13 and 1.3 μM PST. ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability (as neutral red retention time 50%, NRRT50) were analyzed in isolated enterocytes exposed to PST alone or plus 3 μM of the ABCC transport inhibitor MK571. In addition, the concentration-dependent effects of PST on NRRT50 were assayed in a concentration range from 0 to 1.3 μM PST. We studied the effects of three different PST extracts on the transport rate of the ABCC substrate DNP-SG by isolated epithelium. The extract with highest inhibition capacity was selected for studying polarized DNP-SG transport in everted and non-everted intestinal segments. We registered lower GSH content and GST activity, and higher GR activity, with no significant changes in CAT activity, lipid peroxidation or ROS level. PST exposure decreased NRRT50 in a concentration-depend manner (IC50 ¼ 0.0045 μM), but PST effects were not augmented by addition of MK571. All the three PST extracts inhibited ABCC transport activity, but this inhibition was effective only when the toxins were applied to the apical side of the intestine and DNP-SG transport was measured at the basolateral side. Our results indicate that PST are absorbed by the enterocytes from the intestine lumen. Inside the enterocytes, these toxins decrease GSH content and inhibit the basolateral ABCC transporters affecting the normal functions of the cell. Furthermore, PST produce a strong cytotoxic effect to the enterocytes by damaging the lysosomal membrane, even at low, non-neurotoxic concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity

Painefilú

Bianchi

Krock

et al. 2020

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…The integrated biomarker response is increasingly used in ecotoxicological studies concerning the effects of cyanotoxins (Calado et al, 2020). This multiple biomarker approach showed that acute exposure to low concentrations of MC-LR had toxic effects in Geophagus brasiliensis fish (Calado et al, 2019).…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Pelophylax kl. esculentus frogs: Influence of long-term exposure to a cyanobacterial bloom

Gavrilović

Petrović

Radovanović

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In the summers of 2018 and 2019, high concentrations of PST were detected in the Southern Bight of the UK, with mean toxicity of 449 μg STX eq./kg [ 8 ]. Recently, the concentrations of STX in freshwater reservoirs in Brazil have reached as high as 0.05μM [ 9 ]. To protect and improve human health, a standard for STX concentration in drinking water has been established, with the ceiling acceptable level of 0.01μM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice

Sun

Chen

Liu

et al. 2021

Aging

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Saxitoxin (STX), as a type of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is gaining widespread attention due to its long existence in edible shellfish. However, the mechanism underlying STX chronic exposure-induced effect is not well understood. Here, we evaluated the neurotoxicity effects of long-term low-dose STX exposure on C57/BL mice by behavioral tests, pathology analysis, and hippocampal proteomics analysis. Several behavioral tests showed that mice were in a cognitive deficiency after treated with 0, 0.5, 1.5, or 4.5 μg STX equivalents/kg body weight in the drinking water for 3 months. Compared with control mice, STX-exposed mice exhibited brain neuronal damage characterized by decreasing neuronal cells and thinner pyramidal cell layers in the hippocampal CA1 region. A total of 29 proteins were significantly altered in different STX dose groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that protein phosphatase 1 (Ppp1c) and arylsulfatase A (Arsa) were involved in the hippo signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism pathway. The decreased expression of Arsa indicates that long-term low doses of STX exposure can cause neuronal inhibition, which is a process related to spatial memory impairment. Taken together, our study provides a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms of STX neurotoxicity.

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Multiple biomarkers response in a Neotropical fish exposed to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs)

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity

Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity

Hepatic oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Pelophylax kl. esculentus frogs: Influence of long-term exposure to a cyanobacterial bloom

Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice

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